Bothalia
N TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDIGE NAVORSING A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Vol. 16,1 May/Mei 1986
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE PUBLIKASIES VAN DIE NAVORSINGSINSTITUUT VIR PLANTKUNDE
Obtainable from the Division of Agricultural Information, De- partment of Agriculture and Water Supply, Private Bag X144, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa. A current price list of all available publications will be issued on request.
Verkrygbaar van die Afdeling Landbou-inligting, Departement van Landbou en Watervoorsiening, Privaatsak X144, Pretoria 0001, Republiek van Suid-Afrika. ’n Geldige lys van alle beskik- bare publikasies kan aangevra word.
BOTH ALIA
Bothalia is named in honour of General Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This house journal of the Botanical Research Institute is devoted to the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. One or two parts of the journal are published annually.
Bothalia isvernoem ter ere van Generaal Louis Botha, eerste Eerste Minister en Minister van Landbou van die Unie van Suid-Afrika. Hierdie lyfblad van die Navorsingsinstituut vir Plantkunde is gewy aan die bevordering van die wetenskap van plantkunde. Die hoof- gebiede wat gedek word, is taksonomie, ekologie, anatomie en sitologie. Eep of twee dele van die tydskrif verskyn jaarliks.
MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA MEMOIRS VAN DIE BOTANIESE OPNAME VAN SUID-AFRIKA
The memoirs are individual treatises usually of an ecological ’n Reeks van losstaande omvattende verhandelings oorvernaam-
nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomy or economic lik ekologiese, maar soms ook taksonomiese of plantekonomiese
botany. onderwerpe.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA / DIE BLOMPLANTE VAN AFRIKA
This serial presents colour plates of African plants with ac- companying text. The plates are prepared mainly by the artists at the Botanical Research Institute. Many well-known botanical artists have contributed to the series, such as Cythna Letty (over 700 plates), Kathleen Lansdell, Stella Gower, Betty Connell, Peter Bally and Fay Anderson. The Editor is pleased to receive living plants of general interest or of economic value for illustra- tion.
Two parts of ten plates each are published annually. A volume consists of four parts. The publication is available in English and Afrikaans.
Hierdie reeks bied kleurplate van Afrikaanse plante met bygaan- de teks. Die skilderye word meestal deur die kunstenaars van die Navorsingsinstituut vir Plantkunde voorberei. Tallebekende bota- niese kunstenaars het tot die reeks bygedra, soos Cythna Letty (meer as 700 plate), Kathleen Lansdell, Stella Gower, Betty Con- nell, Peter Bally en Fay Anderson. Die Redakteur verwelkom lewende plante van algemene belang of ekonomiese waarde vir afbeelding.
Twee dele, elk met 10 plate, word jaarliks aangebied. ’n Volume bestaan uit vier dele. Die publikasie is beskikbaar in Afrikaans en Engels.
FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA / FLORA VAN SUIDELIKE AFRIKA
A taxonomic treatise on the flora of the Republic of South Africa, Ciskei, Transkei, Lesotho, Swaziland, Bophuthatswana, South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana and Venda. Die FSA contains descriptions of families, genera, species, infraspecific taxa, keys to genera and species, synonymy, literature and limited specimen citations, as well as taxonomic and ecological notes. Also available in the FSA series are the following:
’n Taksonomiese verhandeling oor die flora van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, Ciskei, Transkei, Lesotho, Swaziland, Bophu- thatswana, SWA/Namibia, Botswana en Venda. Die FSA bevat beskry wings van families, genusse, spesies, infraspesifieke taksons, sleutels tot genusse en spesies, sinonimie, literatuur, verwysings na enkele eksemplare, asook beknopte taksonomiese en ekologiese aantekeninge. Ook beskikbaar in die FSA- reeks is die volgende:
The genera of Southern African flowering plants by/deur R.A. Dyer, Vol. 1 Dicotyledons (1975); Vol. 2 Monocotyledons (1976).
Keys to families and index to the genera of Southern African flowering plants by/deur R.A Dyer (1977). Plant exploration of Southern Africa by Mary Gunn & L.E. Codd. Obtainable from/Beskikbaar van: A. A. Balkema, Box/Bus 3 117, Cape Town/Kaapstad 8000, RSA.
PALAEOFLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA / PALAEOFLORA VAN SUIDELIKE AFRIKA
A palaeoflora on a pattern comparable to that of the Flora of Southern Africa. Much of the information is presented in the form of tables and photographic plates depicting fossil popula- tions. Now available:
’n Palaeoflora met ’n uitleg vergelykbaar met die van die Flora van Suidelike Afrika. Baie van die inligting word aangebied in die vorm van tabelle en fotografiese plate waarop fossiele popula- sies afgebeeld word. Reeds beskikbaar:
Molteno Formation (Triassic) Vol. 1 Introduction. Dicroidium by/deur J.M. & H.M. Anderson.
Prodromus of South African Megafloras. Devonian to Lower Cretaceous by/deur J.M. & H.M. Anderson. Obtainable from/Beskikbaar van: A.A. Balkema, Box/Bus 3117, Cape Town/Kaapstad 8000, RSA.
Republic of South Africa
Republiek van Suid-Afrika
BOTHALIA
’N TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDIGE NAVORSING A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Volume 16,1
Editor/Redakteur: O. A. Leistner
Editorial Board/Redaksieraad
D. F. Cutler B. de Winter D. J. B. Killick
O. A. Leistner
P. H. Raven J. P. Rourke M. J. Werger
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, RSA Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, RSA Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, RSA Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, USA National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, RSA University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ISSN 0006 8241
Published by the Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Private Bag X101,
Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Uitgegee deur die Navorsingsinstituut vir Plantkunde, Departement van Landbou en Watervoorsiening,
Privaatsak X101, Pretoria 0001, Suid-Afrika
1986
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/bothaliavolume1616unse
CONTENTS — INHOUD
Volume 16,1
1. Revision of the genus Dombeya (Sterculiaceae) in southern Africa. I. C. VERDOORN and
P. P. J. HERMAN 1
2. The Eriosema squarrosum complex (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) in southern Africa.
C. H. STIRTON 11
3. Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 2. A new species of the
section Pilifer. R. sarcosa. O. H. VOLK and S. M. PEROLD 23
4. Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 3. R. schelpei, a new
species, in the new subgenus Chartacea. O. H. VOLK and S. M. PEROLD 29
5. The identity of Erica vinacea and notes on hybridization in Erica. E. G. H. OLIVER 35
6. Notes on African plants:
Acanthaceae. Notes on southern African species of Justicia. K. L. IMMELMAN 39
Adiantaceae. Cheilanthes deltoidea Kunze in the Waterberg, Transvaal. W. B. G. JACOBSEN
and N. H. G. JACOBSEN 41
Bryaceae (Musci). A new species of Anomobryum. J. VAN ROOY 42
Combretaceae. A new species of Combretum from the Transvaal. E. RETIEF 44
Cyperaceae. Cyperaceae new to the flora of Natal. C. REID 45
Ericaceae. A new species of Ericinella from the southern Drakensberg. E. G. H. OLIVER 46
Fabaceae. A fourth natural Erythrina hybrid from South Africa. E. F. HENNESSY 48
Iridaceae. The correct citation of Montbretia crocosmiiflora. D. O. WIJNANDS 51
Lamiaceae. A new species of Stachys. L. E. CODD 51
Lamiaceae. A new species of Thorncroftia. L. E. CODD 52
Liliaceae. A new method for the non-destructive examination of leaves of Aloe species by
SEM. H. F. GLEN and D. S. HARDY 53
Mesembryanthemaceae. A new combination of Lampranthus. H. F. GLEN 55
Orchidaceae. Notes on the Disinae for the Flora of southern Africa. H. P. LINDER 56
Pertusariaceae (Lichenes). A new species of Pertusaria. F. BRUSSE 57
Poaceae. Diverse notes on southern African Pooids. H. P. LINDER 59
Porinaceae (Lichenes). A new species of Porina on limestone. F. BRUSSE 62
Ricciaceae. Pteroriccia Schust., should it be upheld? S. M. PEROLD 64
7. The shape and ultrastructure of the caryopsis of Pentameris and Pseudopentameris species
(Arundinoideae, Poaceae). N. P. BARKER 65
8. William Keit and the Durban Botanic Garden. D. P. McCRACKEN 71
9. The plant ecology of the farm Groothoek, Thabazimbi District. III. An annotated checklist.
R. H. WESTFALL, N. VAN ROOYEN and G. K. THERON 77
10. A checklist of Pteridophyta of the north-eastern Orange Free State. J. P. ROUX 83
11. Miscellaneous notes:
Chromosome studies on African plants. 1. J. J. SPIES and H. DU PLESSIS 87
A brief note on TCD and DBN and the herbaria of Sonder, Hooker and Harvey.
H. P. LINDER 88
Baseline data for the vegetation of two protected plots at the Matimba Station, Ellisras,
NW Transvaal. M. D. PANAGOS, R. H. WESTFALL and J. C. SCHEEPERS 89
12. Obituary: Cythna Lindenberg Letty (1895-1985). L. E. CODD 93
13. E.A.C.L.E. (Ted) Schelpe (1924-1985) — a biography. E. G. H. OLIVER 97
14. New,taxa, new records and name changes for southern African plants. STAFF OF THE
NATIONAL HERBARIUM 109
15. Review of the work of the Botanical Research Institute 1984/1985 119
16. Book review 135
17. A new guide for authors to Bothalia. O. A. LEISTNER 137
■
.
Bothalia 16,1: 1-9 (1986)
Revision of the genus Dombeya (Sterculiaceae) in southern Africa
I. C. VERDOORN* and P. P. J. HERMAN*
Keywords: descriptions, Dombeya , key, revision, southern Africa
ABSTRACT
The species of Dombeya Cav. occurring in southern Africa are revised and a key is provided to the eight species present in the region. A new record for southern Africa, D. quinqueseta (Del.) Exell, is included.
INTRODUCTION
This revision is a contribution towards a treatment of the family Sterculiaceae for the Flora of southern Africa. The format followed is that previously used in the FSA, which differs in several respects from the current one and from that generally employed in Bo- thalia. Instead of recasting the work and so delaying publication of a much-needed revision of a well known genus of trees, it was decided to present the account in its original form.
Dombeya Cav., Diss. Bot. 2, App. 2 (1786); op. cit. 3: 121 (1787), nom. cons.; Harv. in FC 1: 220 (1860); Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 1: 221 (1862); Arenes in FI. Madag. 131, Sterculiaceae: 189 (1959); Wild in FZ 1: 518 (1961); M. Friedrich-Holzhammer et al. in FSWA 84: 2 (1969); Dyer in Gen. 1: 364 (1975). Lectotype species: D. palmata Cav.
Assonia Cav., Diss. Bot. 2, App. 2 (1786).
Xeropetalum Delile, Cent. PI. Call. 4: 377 (1826).
Trees or, more often, lax to bushy shrubs, some- times straggling; bark usually stringy; indumentum mainly of stellate or tufted, uni- or multicellular hairs, often lepidote and with simple, thick-walled or glandular hairs as well. Leaves simple, petioled, stipulate, usually palmately nerved (in African
species). Bracts 3, caducous, pubescent on both sur- faces, close to the calyx or scattered, usually free. Calyx 5-lobed, pubescent on outside, tube short, usually with 5 patches of papillae just below the base of the lobes within; lobes reflexed in mature flowers. Petals 5, in African species usually obliquely obo- vate, cuneate (butterfly-wing-shaped), white or in varying shades of rose, sometimes flecked or veined with purplish red or deep rose at the base, persis- tent, turning cinnamon-rufous with age. Stamens 10-40, usually 15, united at the base into a short tube; filaments of different lengths in groups of 3-8 (occasionally 2 or 4), alternating with 5 narrowly lin- ear-spathulate staminodes; anthers oblong, the cells parallel, opening by slits. Ovary 3-5-celled, sutures often partly bristly pubescent inside; style 3-5- branched; ovules 2-8 in a cell. Capsule subglobose, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds globose to obovate-ob- long, triquetrous; testa hard, rough with minute ridges, dots or pits.
Native of Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands. In South Africa eight species and one var- iety are recognized.
For the conservation of the name and for the type species see the International Code of Botanical No- menclature 1983, p.380. The genus was named in honour of J. Dombey, a French botanist who travel- led in Chile and Peru in the late eighteenth century.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Petals over 1 cm long: ovary usually 5-celled; style branches usually 5:
2a Pubescence on branchlets, petioles and peduncles usually distinctly stellate-pubescent, sometimes hairs spreading but then mostly under 1 mm long, not glandular; leaves 3-10 cm long, 2-3 cm broad 1. D. tiliacea
2b Pubescence on branchlets, petioles and peduncles of long, spreading hairs, glandular and/or non- glandular and acute, mostly over 1 mm long; leaves large, 6-23 cm long, 5-19 cm broad:
3a Leaves distinctly discolourous, lower surface metallic-grey with a short dense indumentum of fine hairs giving it a felted appearance; pubescence often of predominantly glandular, light brown, spreading hairs 2. D. pulchra
3b Leaves not obviously discolourous or if somewhat so the indumentum on the lower surface sparsely stellate to densely stellate-tomentose; pubescence usually mainly of non-glandular, acute, spreading hairs 3. D. burgessiae
lb Petals under or up to 1 cm long; ovary usually 3-celled; style branches usually 3:
4a Leaves ovate to broadly ovate, gradually narrowing in the upper third or obscurely 3-lobed, the central lobe the largest; lobes obtuse or the central one acuminate:
5a Leaves rather thin in texture, acuminate at the apex, reticulate veins on the lower surface not very conspicuous and prominently raised:
* Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, RSA.
2
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
6a Leaves mostly under 7x6 cm; pubescence on the peduncles stellate with short (± 1 mm)
hairs 4. D. cymosa
6b Leaves variable in size up to 11 x 10,5 cm; pubescence on pedicels and peduncles mostly stel-
late-tomentose intermixed with long (up to 1,5 mm), thin, acute spreading hairs 5. D. kirkii
5b Leaves thick in texture, the upper third not acuminate into a narrow apical portion, leaves some- times appearing shallowly 3-lobed, lobes rounded, reticulate veins on lower surface conspicuous and prominently raised 6. D. quinqueseta
4b Leaves suborbicular to broadly ovate, broadly rounded at the apex, sometimes acute but never acumi- nate in the upper third:
7a Trees or shrubs with very rough bark; in shrubby form rough bark only on the lower portion of the plant; usually flowering in early spring on more or less leafless branches except on the central plateau of South West Africa/Namibia where they flower at any time from spring to autumn depending on rains:
8a Ovary tomentellous with stellately pubescent scales as well as setose with tufted bristle- like suberect hairs 7a. D. rotundifolia var. rotundifolia
8b Ovary tomentose with dense, stellately pubescent scales, the hairs short, not setose; tall shrubs with a few long virgate stems; leaves velvety stellate-tomentose; restricted to the Naukluft area of South West Africa/Namibia, near permanent water 7b. D. rotundifolia var. velutina
7b Shrubs with several to many slender stems, rarely a small tree; bark never rough; usually flowering in autumn; ovary stellate-tomentose with short hairs (not setose as well); restricted to mesophytic areas in the mountainous north-eastern Transvaal 8. D. autumnalis
1. Dombeya tiliacea (Endl.) Planch, in FI. des Serres, ser. 1, 6: 225 (1850-51). Type: Cape, Drege s.n. (P!).
Xeropetalum tiliaceum Endl. & Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. Decad. 43 (1839). Leeuwenhoekia tiliacea E. Mey. ms. Dombeya dregeana Sond. in Linnaea 23: 18 (1850); Harv., Thes. Cap. 1: 56, t. 89 (1859); FC 1: 221 (1860); K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 30 (1900); Sim, For. FI. Cape Col. 45 (1907).
D. natalensis Sond. in Linnaea 23: 17 (1850); Harv. in FC 1: 221 (1860); Wood, Natal PI. 73, pi. 90 (1899); K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 29 (1900); Sim, For. FI. Cape Col. 146 (1907). Type: Port Natal, Gueinzius 105 (SAM, iso.).
D. gracilis K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 30 (1900). Type: Natal, Umvoti, MacOwan & Bolus in Herb. Norm. 562 (BOL).
D. elegans K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 31 (1900), nom. illegit. , pro parte as to Flanagan 1409 (STE), non Cordem. (1895).
Shrub, sometimes straggling, 2-3 m high or tree up to 10 m tall. Branchlets slender, longitudinally ridged, with prominent leaf-scars and with small, pale, raised lenticels, glabrescent but new growth laxly to densely stellate-pubescent with patent or ap- pressed hairs rarely up to 1 mm long. Stipules early caducous, linear-subulate from a rather broad base, (rarely deltoid to narrowly deltoid-long-acuminate), sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, sometimes subpetaloid. Leaves often thin in texture, ovate, gradually acuminate, sometimes 3-lobed at the apex, the 2 lateral lobes shallow, 3-10 cm long, 2-8 cm broad, shallowly to deeply cordate, rarely rounded or subtruncate at the base, margins crenate to crenate-dentate, the lateral veins running to the point of the tooth but not clearly excurrent, nerves from the base 3-7 but usually 5, upper and lower sur- faces thinly to densely stellate-pubescent, often gla- brescent, hairs sometimes longer and some simple on the lower surface; petiole 2-6,5 cm long, usually subspreading, stellate-pubescent and with simple spreading hairs, usually under 1 mm long, glabres- cent. Inflorescence cymose to subumbellate, usually appearing in late summer or autumn in the axils of the upper leaves, 2-9-flowered; peduncle usually straight, 1,5-8 cm long, stellate-pubescent and sometimes with simple hairs as well, hairs usually
under 1 mm long; pedicels 1,5-3 cm long, pubescent like the peduncle. Buds ovate or spindle-shaped. Bracts 3, free, early caducous, variable in size and shape from broadly ovate to narrowly linear, 5,5-10 mm long, 1-4 mm broad, gradually and shortly acu- minate at the apex or abruptly acuminate into a cau- date apical third, margins sometimes with an odd lobe or two, shortly stellate-pubescent on both sur- faces, the broad bracts usually close to the rounded base of the calyx and the narrower ones at the base of the stipe. Calyx lobed almost to the base, united portion 2,5 mm long, rounded at the base or with a short or long stipe, up to 4 mm long; lobes usually reflexed, narrowly oblong-acuminate, about 9-15 mm long, 2,5-4 mm broad, pubescent dorsally. Pe- tals persistent, white (rarely pink) turning rust- coloured with age, oblique, cuneate, about 12-17 mm long, 11-16 mm broad at the apex. Stamens united at the base into a tube 2-4,5 mm long; fila- ments of different lengths, the longest about 4 mm long; anthers 2-3,5 mm long; staminodes about 11 mm long. Ovary tomentose and with a few project- ing hairs in the apical portion, but these hairs usually under 1 mm long, 5-celled but sometimes imper- fectly so; ovules 2-4 per cell; style 8-10 mm long, 3-5-branched at the apex, glabrous or stellate-pu- bescent in lower half. Capsule about 7 mm long, stel- late-tomentose, hairy on the sutures within; seed 3- sided and broadly rounded at the top, about 5x7 mm, rough, with minute ridges and dots.
Found in bush, mixed scrub, coastal short forest or subtropical scrub forest. Recorded from the east- ern Cape and Natal.
CAPE. — Albany: ‘Kleinemund’, MacOwan 568 (BOL). Bat- hurst: Port Alfred, Galpin 5; Britten 1427. Butterworth: Acocks 12539. East London: Comins 1512', Rogers 17017; Smith 3745. Kentani: Pegler359. Komga: Flanagan 56. Peddi e: Acocks 12779.
NATAL. — Without precise locality, Cooper 1105. Durban: Medley Wood 10973; ‘Port Natal’, Ecklon & Zeyher s.n. (SAM); Gueinzius s.n. (SAM). Estcourt: Entumeni, Medley Wood 3745 (NH); Hlatikulu Forest, Killick 1956. Hlabisa: St Lucia, Ward 3127. Ixopo: Taylor 2098. Kranskop: Jameson’s Drift, Dyer 4370. Lions River: Howick, Schlechter 6793. Lower Tugela: near Um- voti River, Adlam in Herb. Norm. 562. Nkandhla: Nsuze Valley, Codd 9681. Pietermaritzburg: Table Mountain, Killick 106. Port Shepstone: McClean 474. Umzinto: Rudatis 1370.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
3
In the Flora Capensis the specimens here included in one species were separated into two species on the width of the epicalyx bracts and the shape of the buds. Those with broad bracts were named D. dre- geana and were supposed to occur in the Cape Pro- vince, whereas those with narrow bracts and ‘more fusiform buds’ were named D. natalensis. However, the bracts vary in width, and several intermediates between the two extremes can be found. Although the epicalyx bracts are early deciduous, a study of many herbarium specimens has shown that the broader bracts are usually borne just below the rounded base of the calyx whereas the narrower bracts are borne slightly lower. Bract-scars can give a clue as to whether the bracts were broad or not. It appeared that some specimens with broad, and some with narrow bracts, occurred both in the Cape and Natal. The impression was gained that the broad bracts usually occur on specimens growing in bush in dry country and the narrow ones on trees in forests and that these characters are therefore not specific but rather indicate ecotypes.
Originally Drege gave the manuscript name Leeu- wenhoekia tiliacea to both his Cape and Natal speci- mens, showing that he considered them to be one species. In the Flora Capensis, Drege’s Cape ma- terial is put under D. dregeana and the Natal speci- mens under D. natalensis.
2. Dombeya pulchra N.E. Br. in Kew Bull. 97: 142 (1895); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 259 (1926). Type: Barberton, Galpin 804 (K, holo.; PRE, iso.; SAM; BOL).
Shrub, 1-4 m high, sometimes a fairly large tree up to 7 m tall. Branches longitudinally ridged, not very stout, fairly smooth; bark stringy; pith soft; branches laxly to very densely pubescent with light brown, more or less patently spreading, glandular hairs over 1 mm long. Very occasionally a specimen has a few acute, non-glandular hairs intermixed, or rarely, pubescence entirely of non-glandular, acute, patent hairs. Stipules subovate-oblong or linear-acu- minate, about 10-16 mm long, 2-6 mm broad, felted on both sides with a short velvety pubescence some- times with a few long or glandular hairs along the margins. Leaves with blade broadly ovate, about 6,5 x 6 to 25 x 9,5 cm, deeply cordate at the base, broadly acuminate, sometimes 3-, rarely 5-lobed in the upper half, obscurely to shallowly crenate-den- tate on the margins, distinctly discolourous, upper surface with a lax to dense, short, stellate pubes- cence, lower surface always metallic-grey, felted with a short velvety pubescence, 5-7-palmately nerved, veins slender, prominent on lower surface; petiole 3-16 cm long, sparsely to densely pubescent with light brown, patent, glandular hairs, rarely with pointed non-glandular hairs mixed, or dominant (specimen of hybrid origin?), usually thicker than the peduncle, longer or shorter than the peduncle. Inflorescence cymose, axillary in upper leaves, 2-17- flowered; peduncle 4—14 cm long, sparsely to densely glandular hairy; pedicels up to 2,5 cm long, similarly hairy. Bracts inserted at or very near the calyx base, ovate, narrowly ovate-oblique, oblong or narrowly oblong, 5-16 mm long, 2-8 mm broad,
shortly acuminate to a subacute or caudate apex, cordate, rounded or somewhat cuneate at the base, tomentose with stellate or tufted hairs, often shortly and densely so, giving a felted appearance, some- times hairs longer and shaggy. Calyx rounded at the base or with a short stipe up to 2 mm long, rarely longer; lobes 8-18 mm long, gradually acuminate from the 1,5-5 mm broad base, stellate-tomentose dorsally, sometimes hairs short and dense giving a felted appearance. Petals mostly white, sometimes creamy or pink and some flowers with purplish-rose markings at the base of the petals, persistent, turn- ing light cinnamon-rufous with age, about 12-20 mm long, 11-20 mm broad near the apex. Stamens united at the base for about 3 mm, filaments of different lengths, up to about 4 mm; anthers about 3,5 mm long; staminodes about 10 mm long. Ovary about 3 mm long, 2,5 mm broad; velvety tomentose with a few slightly longer tufted hairs showing; style about 8 mm long, pubescent at the base, branches 5, strongly recurved, about 3,5 mm long; cells 5, walls thin, with up to 6 ovules in each cell. Capsule 7-10 mm long, about 7 mm broad, with a short dense stel- late tomentum intermixed with longer tufted hairs (but these hairs under 1 mm long), pubescent on the sutures within; seeds brown, pitted.
Found in the cooler regions with a fairly high rain- fall, on rocky hills, in tall grass with scattered shrubs, on the edge of kloofbush or in damp places on banks of streams. Recorded from Swaziland and the east- ern Transvaal mountainous country.
SWAZILAND. — Mbabane: near Dalriack, Bolus 11716 (BOL); Valley, Compton 25024. Pigg’s Peak: Komati Bridge. Compton 30050.
TRANSVAAL. — Barberton: Rimer’s Creek, Galpin 804 ; Louws Spruit, Bolus 7681 (BOL); Highlands Creek, Clarke 55. Belfast: Waterval Boven, Rogers sub TRV 14772. Carolina: Waterval Onder, Rogers sub TRV 2351. Lydenburg: Wilms 78\ Uitsoek, Codd & Verdoorn 10507. Nelspruit: Numbi, Van der Schijff 3052. Pilgrims Rest: Marieps Kop, Van der Schijff 4581.
This species closely resembles D. burgessiae and the areas of distribution of the two species overlap in part, but D. pulchra is restricted to the cooler re- gions with higher rainfall in the eastern Transvaal and Swaziland. D. burgessiae is widespread, from the Natal coast through Swaziland and the eastern Transvaal to the tropics. A few intermediate or hy- brid specimens were seen from localities in which the areas of distribution overlap.
3. Dombeya burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv. in FC 2: 590 (1862); Harv., Thes. Cap. 2: 24, t. 137 (1863); Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. 21: t. 5487 (1865); Mast, in FTA 1: 228 (1868); K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 28 (1900); Sim, For. FI. P.E.A. 20, pi. 8 (1909); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 260 (1926); Wild in FZ 1: 522 (1961). Syntypes: Natal, Zululand, Me Ken s.n. (not seen); Klip River, Gerrard s.n. (TCD).
Assonia burgessiae (Gerrard ex Harv.) Kyntze, Rev. Gen. L. 76 (1891).
Dombeya burgessiae var. crenulata Szyszyl., Polypet. Thalam. Rehm. 137 (1887). Syntypes: Natal, Newcastle. Rehmann 7034. 7049 (not seen); Drakensberg, Rehmann 7078 (not seen). D. ele- gans K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5:31 (1900); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 260 (1926), nom. illegit. , pro parte as to Nel- son 531 (PRE), non Cordem. (1895).
4
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
D. rosea Bak.f. in J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 40: 29 (1911). Type: Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], Swynnerton 196 (BM, holo.; K; SRGH).
Shrub, 1-4 m high with several to many stems, sometimes a slender tree. Branches stout, longitudi- nally ridged with fairly prominent leaf scars and many lenticels, more or less pubescent; ultimate branchlets comparatively slender, patently pubes- cent with a mixture of long, pointed, multicellular, thin-walled hairs and obtuse, glandular, multicellu- lar hairs, hairs mostly over 1 mm long, single or two to several from the same base. Stipules variable, broadly ovate-acuminate from a broad subcordate base, narrowly oblong-acuminate, or narrowly lan- ceolate-acuminate, 1-1,7 cm long, 3-8 mm broad, densely to sparsely pubescent, glabrescent, from rather thick-textured and dark brown to fairly thin- textured and light brown. Leaves broadly ovate, 6-20 cm long, 5-19 cm broad, deeply cordate at the base, usually 3-5-lobed, sparsely to very densely pu- bescent with stellate and tufted hairs, lower surface usually more densely so than the upper, 5-7-pal- mately nerved, margins irregularly and unequally crenate to crenate-dentate; petiole 2-15 cm long, mostly thicker than the peduncles, ± 1,5-2 mm long, usually sparsely to densely patently pilose at least in part, with multicellular, non-glandular, pointed hairs mixed to a greater or lesser degree with glandu- lar hairs. Inflorescence cymose, axillary, 2- to sev- eral-flowered; peduncle longer or shorter than the subtending petiole and usually slightly more slender, 2-14 cm long, similarly pubescent, branched in the upper half; pedicels up to 3 cm long. Bracts 3, free to the base, early caducous, variable in size, shape and pubescence, narrowly or broadly oblong to ovate- subcordate, shortly acuminate to an acute or shortly caudate apex, 9—15 mm long, 3-8 mm broad, pubes- cent on both surfaces, shortly tomentose or less densely covered with stellate and long tufted hairs, inserted close to the calyx base or up to 1,5 mm dis- tant. Calyx lobed almost to the base, the united por- tion (about 1,5 mm long) consolidated with the o- vary base which is rounded or with a short stipe; lobes about 14 mm long, acuminate from a 3-4 mm wide base, dorsally pubescent. Petals white or pale pink, sometimes with a rose-pink centre, persistent, turning light brown with age, up to 20 mm long, 18 mm broad at the apex. Stamens united at the base for 2-4 mm, filaments of various lengths, up to 4,5 mm long; anthers 3-4 mm long; staminodes 10-13 cm long, 2 mm broad in upper half. Ovary about 6x6 mm, stellate-tomentose to hirsute with tufted hairs, normally 5-celled; style 8-14 mm long, gla- brous or partly to wholly stellate-tomentose, 3-5- branched; ovules 3-4 in a cell. Capsule about 10 mm long, 8 mm broad, stellate-tomentose to hirsute with tufted hairs (hairs about 1 mm or more long), pubes- cent on the sutures within.
Found at forest margins, edge of bush, on wooded stream banks, in kloofs, on grassy slopes with tall grass and in marshy ground, or on rocky dolerite hillsides under trees. Recorded from Natal, Swazi- land and the eastern and northern Transvaal; also found in tropical Africa from Mozambique and Zim- babwe to Kenya.
NATAL. — Durban: Berea, Medley Wood 11094. Estcourt: Ta- bamhlope, West 1086. Hlabisa: Codd 9612\ Hluhluwe Game Re-
serve, Ward 2202. Ingwavuma: Codd & Dyer 2838. Klipriver: Gerrard 465 (NH); Grobbelaars Kloof, Acocks 1002. Mtonjaneni: Melmoth, Lawn 1949 (NH). Newcastle: Rehmann 7034 (BOL). Nongoma: Gerstner 3910. Richmond: Waterfall, Thode A. 1203.
SWAZILAND. — Hlatikulu, Stewart sub TRV 10089.
TRANSVAAL. — Barberton: near Kobinja, Codd 7806. Le- taba: ‘Houtbosch’, Rehmann 6321 (BOL); Duiwelskloof, Scheep- ers 262; Galpin 11385; Modjadjies, Krige 105; Dublin Mine, Miller 4262. Lydenburg: Erasmus Pass, Strey 3721. Messina: Pole Evans 1447. Petersburg: Blaauwberg, Codd 7956. Piet Retief: Mooihoek, Devenish 1022. Sibasa: Tshakhoma, Van-Warmelo 5157/19; Punda Milia, Van der Schijff 973. Soutpansberg: Wylies- poort, Hutchinson 2059; near Louis Trichardt, Meeuse 10209.
For the relationship with D. pulchra see the notes under that species.
In the Natal Herbarium there is a specimen, West 1976 from Mapumulo, Tugela, which seems to be a hybrid between this species and D. tiliacea-, in culti- vation one finds plants which resemble D. burgessiae but do not agree exactly with it or with any other South African species. They are probably cultivars of D. burgessiae. Nurserymen sometimes use the names D. rosea and D. calantha for pink-flowered cultivated Dombeyas. Specimens seen to date in gar- dens are not at all like those species. D. rosea Bak.f., from Zimbabwe, is a synonym of D. burges- siae, whereas D. calantha K. Schum., from Malawi, is described as having very large, coarsely crenate leaves and the flowers borne on long brown-tomen- tose pedicels.
4. Dombeya cymosa Harv. in FC 2: 589 (1862); K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5:33 (1900); Sim, For. FI. Cape Col. 145, pi. 18, Fig. 4 (1907); Wild in FZ 1: 527 (1961). Type: Eastern Cape, Kaf- fraria, Bowker 216 (TCD, holo.; PRE, fragment).
Small tree or shrub, about 3 m tall, sometimes up to 8 m tall, occasionally a straggling bush about 1,3 m tall. Branchlets slender, woody, glabrous, or new growth with short, massed, stellate hairs, faintly lon- gitudinally ridged, leaf-scars fairly prominent, lenti- cels small, raised, more or less circular. Stipules early deciduous, linear-subulate, 2-7 mm long, densely stellate-pubescent to glabrescent, thick to subpetaloid in texture. Leaves rather thin in texture, ovate, gradually narrowing in the upper third and then abruptly acuminate towards the apex, rounded or shallowly cordate at the base, not very large, usu- ally under 70 mm long and 60 mm broad, crenate on the margin, sparsely and coarsely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, glabrescent; hairs short; petiples on flowering branches up to 35 mm, sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent. Inflorescence cymose-co- rymbose to subumbellate, 3-12-flowered, axillary in the upper leaves of the main branches and the many short lateral branchlets; peduncles slender, 1-3 cm long, coarsely stellate-tomentose; pedicels varying from 2 to 7 mm long, coarsely stellate-tomentose with hairs short and appressed. Bracts 3, scattered on the pedicels, often distant from the calyx and from each other or 2 about midway, subopposite, early caducous, linear-subulate, densely stellate-pu- bescent, 1-2 mm long. Calyx lobed almost to the subrounded base, united for about 1 mm, stellate- pubescent without, sometimes glabrescent; lobes 4-5 mm long, 1,5-2 mm broad, usually reflexed in mature flowers. Petals white, turning rusty brown
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
5
with age, persistent, 6-8 mm long, 4-5 mm broad near the apex. Stamens united at the base for less than 1 mm, free portion varying slightly in length, the longest about 4 mm long; anthers 0,75 mm long; staminodes up to 5 mm long. Ovary appressedly stel- late-tomentose, suboblate, about 1,5 mm long, 2 mm diam., 3- or rarely 4-celled; style about 1,5 mm long, branches 3, sometimes 4, about 3 mm long, rather thick and revolute; ovules usually 2 in a cell, smooth, hard, yellow. Capsule 4 mm long, 3,5 mm in diameter, stellate-tomentose with short hairs (under 1 mm long); seeds usually only one developing and filling the capsule, rough with raised lines.
Found on river and stream banks, forest margins, short closed woodland, stony slopes in gorges or dry valley bushveld scrub. Recorded from the eastern Cape, Natal, Swaziland and the eastern Transvaal; also found in Mozambique and Malawi.
CAPE.— Butterworth: Pegler 770. East London: Pearson 7363; Rattray 274 (GRA). Elliotdale: ‘Krelis Country’, Bowker 216. Komga: Flanagan 58; Kei Cutting, Barker 9253 (NBG). Queens- town: Junction Farm, Galpin 8077. Stutterheim: Kei Valley, Acocks 9684. Tsolo: Tsitsa Waterfall, Galpin 6587 (GRA; BOL).
NATAL. — Dundee: Codd 2414. Durban: Medley Wood 6438. Hlabisa: False Bay, Ward 3670; Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Ward 2291. Ixopo: Huntley 356. Kranskop: Mambula, Dyer 4348. Port Shepstone: Oribi Flats, McClean 398. Ubombo: Strey 5286. Um- voti: Edwards 2757. Weenen: Acocks 10144.
SWAZILAND. — Stegi, Ben Dlamini in Herb. Compton s.n.
TRANSVAAL. — Nelspruit: Malelane, Codd 5258. Pilgrims Rest: Mariepskop, Van der Schijff 5502.
In some keys to this genus the distinguishing character between this species and D. kirkii is given as ‘stamens 2 per fascicle’ as opposed to ‘stamens 3 per fascicle’. In the South African specimens most of the flowers dissected had 2, 3 and sometimes 4 sta- mens in a fascicle.
It is reported that honey produced by bees visiting these plants is excellent.
5. Dombeya kirkii Mast, in FTA 1: 227 (1868); K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 39 (1900); Sim, For. FI. P.E.A. 20 (1909); Wild in FZ 1: 527 (1961). Syntypes: ‘Nyassaland’, Meller s.n. (K); Mo- zambique, Lupata Gorge, Kirk s.n. (K).
D. gilgiana K. Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C.270, t. 30 (1895). Syntypes: ‘Tanganyika’, Mschusas Dorf, Holst 8993; 9171a (K).
Shrub 1-5 m tall (in the tropics sometimes a tree up to 10 m tall). Branchlets woody, faintly longitudi- nally ribbed with scattered lenticels and prominent leaf-scars; young branches densely stellate-pubes- cent. Stipules 4-8 mm long, narrowly linear, thick or thin in texture, sometimes with incurved margins, stellate-pubescent with interspersed glandular hairs. Leaves ovate, gradually narrowing in the upper third, the apex abruptly acuminate, 4-12 cm long, 3-11 cm broad, crenate on the margins, cordate at the base, 5-9-nerved from the base (nerves tomen- tose) stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, hairs short and appressed, wearing off with age; petiole 1-6 cm long, stellate-tomentose. Inflorescence a cymose panicle, short or elongated, axillary and clustered at the apices of the branchlets, usually appearing from February to May, pubescent with the characteristic patent hairs; peduncle 1,5-8 cm long, stellate-to-
mentose interspersed with long, patent pointed hairs; pedicels usually 0,5-1 ,5 cm long, sparsely to densely patently pubescent as well as tomentose. Bracts 3 at the base of the calyx, linear to linear-dl- liptic (that is narrowing slightly to base and apex), sometimes conduplicate, shortly tomentose on both surfaces, the outer also bristling with long patent hairs, 5-7 mm long, 1-1,5 mm broad at the middle. Calyx rounded at the base, united for about 1,5 mm; lobes 5-7 mm long, 1,5-2 mm broad at the base, dor- sally tomentose and usually patently hairy as well. Petals white turning light brown with age, persistent, 8-10 mm long, 4,5-5 mm broad just above the mid- dle. Stamens united for 1-1,5 mm, 3 rarely 2 be- tween the staminodes; filaments of different lengths, very slender, up to 4 mm long; anthers 1 mm long; staminodes very slender, 7 mm long. Ovary 3-celled, 2,5 mm long, 2,5 mm broad, tomen- tose and with long erect hairs at the apex, hairs up to 1 mm long; style about 2-3,3 mm long, sparsely hairy near base or sometimes altogether pubescent, branches suberect or slightly recurved, about 3 mm long; ovules usually 2 in a cell. Capsule 4x3 mm, with tufted setose hairs at the apex, hairs about 1 mm long.
Found on dry river banks in the north-eastern cor- ner of the Transvaal; also recorded northwards as far as Kenya.
TRANSVAAL. — Sibasa: Pafuri, Van der Schijff 3045; 3810; Van der Schijff & Marais 3715.
The stems are said to be used by the Masai for making bows. Of the tropical African species that are considered to be synonymous by certain authors, only D. gilgiana is included here. This is because no material of the other synonyms has been seen, whereas the plate accompanying the original de- scription of D. gilgiana clearly represents D. kirkii.
6. Dombeya quinqueseta (Del.) Exell in J. Bot., Lond. 73: 263 (1935). Type: Cailliaud in Herb. Del. (MPU; not seen).
Xeropetalum quinquesetum Del.. Cent. PL Afr. 84 (1826).
Dombeya reticulata Mast, in FTA 1: 228 (1868). Assonia reticu- lata (Mast.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 85 (1896). Type: Nile Land, Spike & Grant s.n. (K).
Assonia cuanzensis Uiern, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. 1: 86 (1896). Dombeya cuanzensis (Hiern) K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 40 (1900). Syntypes: Angola, Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch 4735; 4736 (BM!).
Assonia huillensis Hiern, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. 1: 85 (1896). Dombeya huillensis (Hiern) K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 35 (1900). Syntypes: Angola, Huilla, near Quipungo, Wel- witsch 4726 (BM); near Lopollo, Welwitsch 4727 (BM); 4728 (BM).
D. myriantha K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 33, t.2,A (1900). Type; Angola. Buchner 527 (Bt).
D. cuanzensis sensu K. Schum. in Warb., Kunene-Samb. Exped. Baum 301 (1903), non (Hiern) K. Schum.
D. melanostigma K. Schum. ex Engl, in Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 3,2: 428 (1921), nom. nud.
D. rotundifolia sensu Exell in J. Bot. 65, Suppl. Polypet. 42 (1927), pro parte quoad spec. Gossweiler 1747, non Harv.
Shrub or small tree up to about 5 m tall. Branch- lets woody, brown to reddish brown, minutely stel- late-pubescent when young, glabrescent, with a few scattered lenticels and prominent leaf-scars. Stipules
6
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
apparently early deciduous. Leaves ovate, some- times shallowly 3-lobed, cordate to deeply cordate at base, up to 14 cm long and 20 cm broad, margin faintly dentate, 5-7-nerved from the base, upper sur- face stellate-pubescent, densely so on main and sec- ondary veins, lower surface densely stellate-tomen- tose when young, pubescence less dense with age, reticulate veins on lower surface conspicuous and prominently raised; petiole up to 7,5 cm long, stel- late-tomentose. Inflorescence of dense axillary cymes on old branches; peduncles up to 6 cm, densely stellate-tomentose; pedicels up to 10 mm long, densely stellate-tomentose. Bracts 3, at the base of the calyx, whorled or 1 at base of calyx and 2 lower down, subopposite, linear, 3 mm long, not more than 0,5 mm broad, densely stellate-tomentose on outside, glabrous inside. Calyx rounded at the base, united for 1-2 mm; lobes 5-7 mm long, 1-2 mm broad near base, dorsally densely stellate-to- mentose. Petals white, turning yellow to light brown with age, shaped like the wings of a butterfly, up to 10 mm long and 6 mm broad. Stamens 15, united for 0,5 mm at the base; staminodes 5, linear, up to 8 mm long; fertile stamens in 5 groups of 3 each alternating with the staminodes; filaments of different lengths, up to 4 mm long; anthers 1 mm long. Ovary de- pressed globose, 3 mm in diameter, 2,5 mm long, tomentose with long erect hairs at the apex, 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell; style 2-2,5 mm long; branches 2-2,5 mm long, recurved. Fruit not seen.
Found in the Okavango area of South West Afri- ca/Namibia and northwards through Angola to Ke- nya, Uganda and Ethiopia.
S.W.A. — Grootfontein: Barnard 194.
7. Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch, in FI. des Serres, ser. 1,6: 225 (1850-51). Type: Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Krauss 252 (BM, iso.).
Tree or shrub, 2-10 m tall; stems with rough bark. Stipules caducous, narrowing from a triangular base into a linear-subulate upper portion, stellate-pubes- cent. Leaves more or less orbicular, rarely very broadly ovate, 2-8 cm long, 1,8-9 cm broad (larger on sterile branches and in tropical areas up to 13 x 14 cm), sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, the stellate hairs from a scaly base, crenate- dentate, shallowly to clearly cordate at the base; pe- tiole 1-3 cm long, stellate-tomentose. Cymes sev- eral- to many-flowered, crowded at the apices of the branches and branchlets; peduncles 1-4 cm long, stellate-tomentose, sometimes with few to many longer, tufted hairs intermixed, pedicels 0,5-1, 5 cm long, pubescence as on the peduncles. Bracts 3, 1 or 2 at or near the calyx-base and 1 lower down, or all three scattered on the pedicel, linear to linear-spa- thulate or navicular, 1,5-5 mm long, sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces. Calyx rounded at the base, united for 0,5-1, 5 mm; lobes 5-7 mm long, 1,5-2 mm broad near base, stellate- pubescent dorsally. Petals usually white (rarely rose- pink) turning a light cinnamon-brown, 7-10 mm long, 4,5-8 mm broad. Stamens united at the base for up to 0,5 mm; filaments up to 3 mm long; anthers 1 mm long or slightly longer; staminodes about 6 mm long. Ovary subglobose, about 2,5 mm in diameter,
tomentellous with stellate hairs mixed in the upper half with tufted bristle-like hairs, bristles 0,5-1 mm long; style with a few short patent hairs or stellate- pubescent, 2, 5-3, 5 mm long; branches 1, 5-2,5 mm long; cells usually 3 with 2 ovules in each cell. Cap- sule subglobose, about 5 mm in diameter, tomentel- lous with stellate and tufted hairs; the large bristle- like hairs up to 1 mm long.
Occurs plentifully in Natal, Swaziland, the Trans- vaal and South West Africa/Namibia; also found in Botswana and northwards to east tropical Africa. Two varieties are recognized, one widespread (var. rotundifolia) and the other from a restricted area in South West Africa/Namibia.
For key to varieties, see key to species.
(a) var. rotundifolia.
Verdoorn in Bothalia 9: 144 (1966).
Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch, in FI. des Serres, ser. 1,6: 225 (1850-51); Harv. in FC 1: 221 (1860); K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5: 35 (1900); Medley Wood, Natal PI. 3, t. 229 (1902); Sim, For. FI. Cape Col. 145 (1907); Burtt Davy, FI. Transv. 1: 259 (1926); Wild in FZ 1: 525 (1960); M. Friedrich- Holzhammer et al. in FSWA 84: 2 (1969). Xeropetalum rotundifo- lium Hochst. in Flora 27: 295 (1844). Type: Natal, Pietermaritz- burg, Krauss 252 (BM, iso.!).
D. densiflora Planch, ex Harv. in FC 2: 589 (1862). Type: Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Burke & Zeyher s.n. (K).
D. damarana K. Schum. in Engl., Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 5:36 (1900). Syntypes: Hereroland, Marloth 1346 ; 1371 (PRE). Lind- ley s. n. ; Giirich 40.
D. dinteri Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 2: 1005 (1902). Syntypes: Hereroland, Waterberg, Dinter 392 (Z); Ondjombe- ranga-Kette Dinter 392a (Z).
Characterized by very rough bark on stems; rather coarse suborbicular leaves which are densely or sparsely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces and have prominent reticulate veins beneath; the ovary is densely stellate-tomentose and setose, that is with tufts of bristle-like hairs which are up to 1 mm long, in upper portion.
This typical variety occurs in two growth forms. The commoner form is a tree 5 to 10 m tall with dark, rough bark, and bears its flowers profusely in spring on almost leafless branches. The other form, growing under less favourable conditions, is shrubby forming a low bushy growth and only occasionally developing into a tree. This ecotype flowers at any time from spring to autumn and, if late, then on leafy branches.
Found in fairly dry to dry areas; the spring-flow- ering tree form occurs in Natal, Swaziland and the Transvaal (also north-eastwards to the Ethiopian border); the shrubby late-flowering form is found on the central plateau of South West Africa/Namibia and also in parts of Botswana.
NATAL.— Durban: ‘Port Natal’, Gueinzius s.n. Camper- down: Inchanga, Marloth 4084. Hlabisa: Hluhluwe Game Re- serve, Ward 1408. Inanda: Umhlanga, Medley Wood 7942 (NH). Ubombo: Mkuze Game Reserve, Oatley M6 (NH).
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
7
SWAZILAND. — Hlatikulu: Ebataan River, Compton 27955. Mbabane: Komati Bridge, Compton 26980. Stegi: Verdoorn 1667a.
TRANSVAAL. — Barberton: Galpin 407. Lydenburg: Sekuku- niland, Barnard 35. Nelspruit: Pabinspruit, Van der Schijff 47. Piet Retief: Mooihoek, Devenish 26. Pilgrims Rest: near Sku- kuza, Codd 4391. Potchefstroom: Boskop, Louw 357. Pretoria: The Willows, Codd 7582\ Meintjies Kop, Burtt Davy 2188\ Foun- tains, Verdoorn 465. Rustenburg: Swartruggens, Sutton 783. Soutpansberg: Louis Trichardt, Koker 16. Waterberg: Mosdene, Galpin M.33.
S.W. A. /NAMIBIA. — Grootfontein: Kinges 2966. Maltahohe: Tsarris, Marloth 5072. Okahandja: Kaiser Wilhelms Berg, Mar- loth 1346. Okavango: Runtu, Banks 91, Otjiwarongo: Tue Kop-
pie, Bradfield 13. Swakopmund: Boss sub TRV 36121. Windhoek: De Winter 2595.
The commoner form of this typical variety, in the adult stage, is conspicuous during early spring be- cause of its profuse white (rarely pink) flowers borne on almost leafless, rough-barked trees. The same variety on the central plateau of South West Afri- ca/Namibia and in places in Botswana, is hardly re- cognizable because it occurs as a bushy shrub, only here and there reaching tree form, and flowers at any time from spring to autumn, the flowers and leaves appearing together.
flceiDR v. v. MERWE.
FIG. 1. — Dombeya autumnalis Verdoorn. Flowering branch taken from the type specimen when collected at Penge in April 1965: 1, bud with reflexed calyx, x 4; 2, petal, x 4; 3, portion of the united stamens showing one staminode and 3 stamens, x 4; 4, ovary and style, x 4; 5, leaf, x 1.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
Botanical collectors look upon the latter form as an ecotype, the differences probably being caused by the struggle for existence under adverse conditions. Specimens from all parts agree in the suborbicular leaves and the bristly hairs on the ovary.
(b) var. velutina Verdoorn in Bothalia 9: 144 (1966); M. Friedrich et al. in FSWA 84: 3 (1969). Type: Rehoboth, Naukluft, Aub Schlucht, Strey 2010 (PRE, holo.; BOL; NBG).
Tall shrubs with several virgate stems up to 5 m tall; bark rough; new growth softly and shortly to- mentose. Leaves suborbicular or broadly oblong-or- bicular, broadest in the upper half, 3-9 cm long, 2, 5-9, 5 cm broad, velvety-tomentose on both sur- faces (the tomentum made up of minute stellate-pu- bescent scales, the hairs short and silky), crenate- dentate, cordate at the base, palmately 4-7-nerved; petiole 1-2 cm long, softly tomentose. Cymes crowded on lateral and terminal branchlets; pedun- cles 10-15 mm long; pedicels 7-10 mm long. Calyx about 6 mm long, densely and shortly tomentose without. Petals about 7 mm long. Stamens united at the base for about 0,5 mm; filaments unequal, about 2,5 mm long; staminodes about 5 mm long. Ovary densely and shortly stellate-tomentose (not setose); style 2-3 mm long, stellate-pubescent.
To date recorded only from the banks of the per- manent stream at Aub Schlucht in the Naukluft Mountains, South West Africa/Namibia.
S.W. A. /NAMIBIA.- — Rehoboth: Aub Schlucht, Naukluft Mountains, Strey 2328; Tolken & Hardy 666; Hopefield, Giess 10961.
This variety agrees with the typical one in the sub- orbicular leaves and the rough bark on mature stems. This latter feature can be determined (as pointed out in notes under D. autumnalis ) by the examination of a cross-section of a branchlet; the outer layer is seen to be rather thick and porous. It differs from the typical variety principally in the ha- bit and the pubescence. The plants are tall, virgate shrubs with several comparatively slender stems and do not develop into trees, whereas typical D. rotun- difolia, as found in South West Africa/Namibia, oc- curs as a low bushy shrub which, under certain con- ditions, grows into the characteristic rough-barked tree. The pubescence, which is a stellate tomentum as in the typical variety, differs in that the hairs are much shorter and rather silky, forming a dense, vel- vety covering. This short tomentum is of particular significance on the ovary because in typical D. rotun- difolia, throughout the length and breadth of its dis- tribution, the ovary is setose as well as stellate-to- mentellous.
8. Dombeya autumnalis Verdoorn in Bothalia 9: 143 (1966). Type: Lydenburg, Penge Mine, Ver- doorn 2470 (PRE, holo.).
Shrub or small tree, 1,6-5 m tall. Branchlets slen- der, leafy, new growth shortly stellate-pubescent, the pubescence formed of short spreading hairs from
a scaly base. Stipules caducous, deltoid or linear-sub- ulate from a deltoid base, densely pubescent. Leaves more or less orbicular, 1,5-5 cm long, 1-5 cm broad (on flowering branches), densely to sparsely stellate- pubescent on both surfaces, finely crenate-dentate on the margins, reticulate veins rather obscure be- neath; petiole slender, 2-12 cm long, stellate-pubes- cent. Cymes in the axils of the upper leaves often overtopping them, sometimes shorter; peduncles slender, about 2,5 cm long, pubescent; pedicels very slender, 1-1,5 cm long, pubescent. Bracts 3, 1 or 2 at the calyx-base, or all scattered on the pedicel, linear- navicular, about 2,5 mm long, pubescent on both surfaces. Calyx rounded at the base, united for 0,5 mm; lobes reflexed, about 4 mm long, 2 mm broad, dorsally stellate-pubescent. Petals persistent, white turning cinnamon-rufous with age, about 7 mm long, 5 mm broad. Stamens united at the base for more or less 1 mm, filaments with the longest about 2,5 mm long; anthers up to 1 mm long; staminodes about 5 mm long. Ovary globose, about 3 mm in diameter, shortly stellate-tomentose (not setose); style gla- brous or minutely stellate-pubescent, about 2 mm long, branches about 2 mm long; ovules 2 in a cell. Capsule about 5 mm in diameter, stellate-tomen- tose. Fig. 1.
Recorded from the eastern Transvaal in moun- tainous country on mesophytic, well wooded slopes among rocks and in riverine bush.
TRANSVAAL. — Lydenburg: Abel Erasmus Pass, Schlieben & Strey 8387; Codd 10027; near Penge mine, Codd & Dyer 7737; Codd & Verdoorn 10488; Repton 5936 (partly); Verdoorn 2470; near Weltevreden Asbestos Mine, Verdoorn 2471. Letaba: Dub- lin Mine, Miller 4271.
D. autumnalis differs from the form of typical D. rotundi folia, which occurs in the eastern and central areas of southern Africa, in that it flowers in late summer and autumn together with its leaves, and not in early spring only, on more or less leafless branches. From all forms of D. rotundi folia, includ- ing those in South West Africa/Namibia, D. autum- nalis differs mainly in that its slender stems do not develop a rough bark. This feature can be deter- mined by the examination of a cross-section of a branchlet. The outer layer of D. autumnalis is thin and solid, whereas that of D. rotundi folia is thick and porous. A further diagnostic character is that the pubescence on the ovary of D. rotundifolia is se- tose as well as stellate-tomentellous, whereas in D. autumnalis it is stellate-tomentose without setae (see Fig. 1). In the slender peduncles and pedicels, the comparatively thin leaves, and the habit, our species resembles D. cymosa, from which it can be readily distinguished by the leaf shape. In D. cymosa the leaves are acuminate in the upper third, not suborbi- cular, and more or less rounded at the apex.
UITTREKSEL
Die spesies van Dombeya Cav. wat in suidelike Afrika voorkom, is hersien en 'n sleutel van die agt spesies in die gebied word verskaf D. quinqueseta (Del.) Exell, wat vir die eerste keer vir suidelike Afrika aangeteken word, is ingesluit.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
9
INDEX TO DOMBEYA
Assonia Cav
burgessiae (Gerrard ex Harv.) Kuntze
cuanzensis Hiern
huillensis Hiern
reticulata (Mast.) Kuntze
Dombeya Cav
autumnalis Verdoo n
burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv
burgessiae var. crenulata Szyszyl
calantha K. Schum
cuanzensis (Hiern) K. Schum
cuanzensis sensu K. Schum
cymosa Harv
damarana K. Schum
densiflora Planch, ex Harv
dinteri Schinz
dregeana Sond
elegans K. Schum
gilgiana K. Schum
gracilis K. Schum 2
huillensis (Hiern) K. Schum
kirkii Mast
melanostigma K. Schum. ex Engl
my riant ha K. Schum
natalensis Sond 2
palmata Cav
pulchra N.E. Br
quinqueseta (Del.) Exell
reticulata Mast
rosea Bak. f 4
rotundifolia sensu Exell, non Harv
rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch 6
var. rotundifolia Verdoorn 6
var. velutina Verdoorn 8
tiliacea (Endl.) Planch 2
Leeuwenhoekia tiliacea E. Mey 2
Xeropetalum Delile 1
quinquesetum Del
rotundifolium Hochst 6
tiliaceum Endl. & Fenzl 2
1
3
5
5
5
1
8
3
3
4
5
5
4
6
6
6
2
2
5
Bothalia 16,1: 11-22 (1986)
The Eriosema squarrosum complex (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) in southern Africa
C. H. STIRTON*
Keywords: Eriosema squarrosum complex, Fabaceae, new combinations, new taxa
ABSTRACT
Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. has traditionally been the dumping ground for all densely pubescent Eriosema species in southern Africa. This study clarifies the identity of E. squarrosum ; recognizes three new taxa: E. luteopetalum C. H. Stirton, E. rossii C. H. Stirton and E, umtamvunense C. H. Stirton; effects the combina- tions E. latifolium (Benth. ex Harv.) C. H. Stirton and E. acuminatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C. H. Stirton; and re- instates E. dregei E. Mey. The species E. preptum C. H. Stirton, described earlier, also belongs to this complex. Rhynchosia barbertonensis C. H. Stirton is given as a new name for E. rogersii Schinz.
INTRODUCTION
The Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. com- plex remains the only unresolved complex among the Eriosema species of southern Africa. As in the E. cordatum E. Mey. complex (Stirton 1978, 1981a) it is partly a nomenclatural muddle and partly a taxo- nomic problem. Once again hybridization has played a prominent role in the development of the complex (Stirton 1981b).
The complex comprises the majority of the densely pubescent Eriosema species in southern Africa. Most of these plants have in the past been referred to either E. zeyheri E. Mey. or E. squarro- sum.
Central to the complex is E. squarrosum. It was originally described by Thunberg as Hedysarum squarrosum (Prodr. 132, 1800), and later transferred to Desmodium by De Candolle (Prodr. 2: 333, 1825). Ecklon & Zeyher (Enum.: 251, 1836) ac- cepted Desmodium squarrosum (Thunb.) DC. but divided it into 3 varieties: squarrosum, acutifolium and acuminatum. Ernst Meyer, whose Commenta- riorum is predated by Ecklon & Zeyher’s Enumera- tio by a few months, published the binomial Erio- sema zeyheri E. Mey. for the same taxon (Comm. 129, 1836). At the same time he described E. dregei E. Mey., a species completely new to science. Here the matter rested until Walpers (Linnaea 13: 536, 1839) realized that Thunberg’s Hedysarum squarro- sum was not a Desmodium, as De Candolle and Eck- lon & Zeyher had thought, but was as Meyer had
noted, really an Eriosema. He accordingly effected the new combination, E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp.
Twenty three years later Harvey (FI. Cap. 2: 260, 1862) re-investigated the genus. He accepted Walp- er’s combination, effected the combination for var. acuminatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv., reduced E. dre- gei to varietal rank and described the new variety latifolium Benth. ex Harv. Thirty three years were to pass until Baker (/. Bot., Lond. 33: 146, 1895) ap- plied the now disallowed Kew Rule and thereby caused considerable confusion with the attendant combinations. Problems have also arisen from the additional collections that have accumulated since Harvey’s and Baker’s treatments. Several new taxa have been discovered this century and with the known cases of hybridization in Natal the complex had become quite a muddle by the time this study was initiated in 1974.
This study recognizes eight species in the complex. Firstly E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. is retained as a variable species. E. dregei E. Mey. is reinstated, whereas Meyer’s E. zeyheri is placed in synonomy with E. squarrosum. Harvey’s E. squarrosum var. latifolium Benth. ex Harv. is raised to specific rank; E. latifolium (Benth. ex Harv.) C. H. Stirton. Three new species are described: E. luteopetalum C. H. Stirton, E. umtamvunense C. H. Stirton and E. rossii C. H. Stirton. E. preptum C. H. Stirton was de- scribed earlier (Stirton 1981c). Ecklon & Zeyher’s var. acuminatum is raised to specific rank: E. acumi- natum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C. H. Stirton.
KEY TO SPECIES
la Flowers yellow or greenish yellow (drying yellow):
2a Stems and leaves silvery; upper surface of leaflets sparsely appressed pubescent; flower bracts
caducous 5. E. dregei
2b Stems and leaves tawny, especially veins of leaves; upper surface of leaflets densely appressed pubes- cent; flower bracts persistent:
3a Flowers 9-10 mm long, yellow; wing petals much longer than the keel; flower bract shorter than
the flower; pistil 7 mm long 2. E. latifolium
* The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K.
12
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
3b Flowers 12-15 mm long, greenish yellow; wing petals equal in length to the keel; flower bract equal
in length to flower; pistil 12 mm long 3. E. luteopetalum
lb Flowers pinkish orange, pale red, or orange with red venation (drying dark);
4a Flower bracts persistent, equal to or longer than the flower:
5a Lower surface of leaflets pale green, finely pubescent with margins and veins appressed hairy; inflo- rescence hidden in leaves at anthesis, 30-60-flowered; flowers 12 mm long; fruits 10 mm wide 6. E. rossii
5b Lower surface of leaflets whitish, densely woolly with yellow appressed hairs along the veins; inflo- rescence exserted from leaves at anthesis, 20-30-flowered; flowers 8-10 mm long; fruits 7-8 mm wide 2. E. acuminatum
4b Flower bracts caducous, shorter than the flower:
6a Flowers 13-14 mm long; calyx 8 mm long; appendages of standard fused but free from auricles;
pistil 11 mm long 4. E. umtamvunense
6b Flowers 6-9 mm long; calyx 4-6 mm long; appendages of the standard fused and extending to the auricles; pistil 6-8 mm long:
7a Undersurface of leaflets finely and shortly pubescent; leaflets 15-20 mm wide; racemes 10-20-
flowered; flowers 6-7 mm long; seeds black or dark brown; eastern Cape 1. E. squarrosum
7b Undersurface of leaflets densely woolly with veins distinctly appressed with longer hairs; leaflets 20-30 mm wide; racemes 25-35-flowered; flowers 7-9 mm long; seeds grey or light brown with darker speckles and blotches; Natal 8. E. preptum
' QUICK-SORT CHARACTERS Flowers yellow: luteopetalum, latifolium, dregei Inflorescence with less than 20 flowers: squarrosum
Flower bracts caducous: dregei, squarrosum, umtamvunense, preptum
Flower bracts equal to or longer than flowers: acuminatum, rossii
Calyx teeth shorter than the calyx tube: dregei, latifolium, luteo- petalum
Appendages on front of standard free from the auricles: acumina- tum, umtamvunense
Wing petals equal in length to the keel petals: luteopetalum
Seeds black: acuminatum, squarrosum
Seeds pale chestnut brown: luteopetalum
Seeds grey or brown with speckles and blotches: preptum
1. Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. in Lin- naea 13: 536 (1839); Harv. in FI. Cap. 2: 260 (1862). Type: Cape, ‘crescit in campis graminosis cis et trans Camtoos-river, prope Galgebosch et alibi’, Thun- berg s.n. (UPS, Herb. 17271, microfiche).
Hedysarum squarrosum Thunb., Prodr. 132 (1800); FI. Cap. 595 (1823). Desmodium squarrosum (Thunb.) DC., Prodr. 2: 233 (1825); Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 251 (1836).
Crotalaria lineata Thunb., Prodr. 125 (1800); FI. Cap. 573 (1823); non Jacq. (1786). Type: ‘e Cap. Bon. Spei’, Thunbergs.n. (UPS, Herb. 16559, microfiche).
Desmodium squarrosum (Thunb.) DC. var. acutifolium Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 251 (1836). Type: Cape, ‘in collibus gramineis terrae, Adow’, Ecklon s.n. (S, holo.; FI; K; P; W, iso.).
Eriosema zeyheri E. Mey., Comm. 129 (1836); Bak. in J. Bot., Lond. 33: 146 (1895). Rhynchosia zeyheri (E. Mey.) Steud., Nom. 2: 54 (1841). Lectotype: Cape, ‘Zwartkopsrivier, ad ipsus ripas, iv.C.c.20’, Drige s.n. (BM; K; P, isolecto.)
Eriosema reticulatum E. Mey. var. canescens Meisn. in J. Bot., Lond. 2: 80 (1843). Lectotype: ‘in solo argillaceo in Zitsikamma’, Krauss 926 (NY). This is marked in some herbaria as E. ambi- guum Krauss (nom. nud.)
Perennial herb up to 300 mm tall. Stems ascend- ing, strongly branched from the base, closely clothed with deflexed hairs. Leaves trifoliolate, 25-55 x 15-20 mm, elliptic, becoming narrower and longer, grading into lanceolate near the ends of branches, lower leaves often obovate; apex acute, sometimes obtuse, base cuneate, dark green above, whitish be- neath, upper surface glabrous to strigillose, lower
surface finely and shortly pubescent, glandular; lat- eral leaflets smaller, asymmetrical. Stipules 7-10 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, free, appressed, persist- ent, softly pubescent and sparsely covered in glands. Petioles 2-3 mm long. Racemes axillary, up to 100 mm long, exceeding the leaves; peduncles 26-55 mm long, densely racemose beyond the middle with 10-20 reflexed imbricating flowers. Flowers 7-9 mm
>o , UlUf.,
t urCitajkc/y' .
■X S- " /?, -<'
FIG. 1. — Representative specimen of Eriosema squarrosum (PRE 56220).
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
13
long, pinkish orange; bracts caducous, about half the length of the flower. Calyx 5-6 mm long, lobes equal; teeth lanceolate, equal to or slightly longer than the tube, softly white pubescent, glandular. Standard 8-9 mm long, narrowly obovate, clawed, auriculate; gland-covered and pubescent on back; appendages present, well developed, situated above the auricles and tapering towards them, fused. Wing petals 9x2 mm, oblong, auriculate, longer than the keel. Keel petals 7 mm long, 3 mm wide at maxi- mum, encrusted with yellow glands, distinctly pock- eted. Staminal sheath 10 mm long; free stamen geni- culate. Pistil 8 mm long; ovary 4 mm long, subses- sile, densely hairy almost up to point of flexure; height of curvature 3 mm; stigma capitate. Nectary present, margin undulate. Fruit 11-15 x 8-10 mm, glandular, covered in fine hairs overlain by long stiff yellow hairs. Seeds 5x3 mm, black or dark brown. Fig. 1.
This species is almost entirely confined to the east- ern Cape (Fig. 2) where it is confined to grassveld and sandy flats. It is sympatric with E. salignum E. Mey. and in the eastern part of its range with E. cor- datum E. Mey., E. dregei E. Mey. and E. latifolium (Harv.) C. H. Stirton. It has been extremely difficult to assign rank to any of the several distinctive local- ised variants as these overlap and blur into each other. There is however a cline of increasing pubes- cence, especially on the upper surface of the leaflets as well as a general increase in size as one moves northwards and eastwards.
TRANSKEI. — 3129 (Port St Johns): Coffee Bay (-CC), Tyson 22 (PRE). 3227 (Stutterheim): Kabaku Hills (-CB), Acocks 9344 (PRE); near Komgha (-DB), Flanagan 704 (PRE). 3228 (Butter- worth): Idutywa (-AB), Schlechter 1377, 6271 (PRE); River Mouth (-BC), Hilner 485 (PRE); Kentani (-CB), Pegler 123 (PRE).
CAPE. — 3225 (Somerset East): Selborne (-DA), Smith 3711 (PRE); Boschberg (-DC), Macowan 475 (P); Stockenstrom (-DD), Scully 155 (PRE). 3226 (Fort Beaufort): Katberg (-BC), Moss 15400 (BM). 3227 (Stutterheim): Cathcart (-AC), Kemp s.n. (NGB); Hang River (-BA), Spearman 25 (NBG); west of East London (-BB), Maguire 605 (NBG); Dohne (-CB), Acocks 9381 (K; PRE); Pierie (-CC), Sim 4021 (PRE); King William’s Town (-CD), Tyson 2942 (NBG; PRE); 1 km from Amabele (-DA), Marais 237 (PRE); Port Alfred (-DB), South s.n. (PRE 56218, 56219). 3228 (Butterworth): 12 km E of East London (-CC), Comins 1256 (PRE). 3322 (Oudtshoorn): George (-CD), Guthrie 4293 (NBG). 3323 (Willowmore): Wynandskraal (-CD), Burchell 5263 (K). 3324 (Steytlerville): Zwartkopsrivier (-DB), Drege s.n. (BM; GBH; K; P; W); Tsitsikamma (-DC), Krauss 926 (NY). 3325 (Port Elizabeth): Zuurbergen (-AD), Drege s.n. (P); Van Stadens Flower Reserve (-CC), Dahlstrand 2533 (PRE; STE); Van Stadens Gorge (-CC), Long 267 (PRE); Van Stadens- berg (-CC), MacOwan 475 (BM); Krakakamma (-CD), Burchell 4573 (K); Uitenhage (-CC), Penther 2559 (W); Addo (-DA), Drege s.n. (GBH; K; P; Z); Addo (-DA), Zeyher s.n. (K); Eck- lon s.n. (K; P; W); flats near Port Elizabeth (-DC), West 461 (PRE). 3326 (Grahamstown): Rautenbach's Drift (-AC), Bur- chell 4191 (K); mountains near Grahamstown (-AD), Britten s.n. (PRE 56210); Gane s.n. (PRE); near Alexandria Lombards (-DA), Burchell 4155 (K); near Port Alfred, between Rietfontein and Kowie River (-DB), Burchell 4002 (GBH; K); Port Alfred (-DB), Sonta s.n. (PRE 56218); Kowie (-DB), Tyson s.n. (PRE); 5 km from Port Alfred on road to Kenton-on-Sea (-DB), Germis- huizen 1531 (PRE); between Bathurst and Port Alfred (-DB), Stirton 764a; Rietfontein (-DB), Burchell 4042 (K); 3 km NNW of Southwell (-DA), Acocks 12053 (PRE). 3423 (Knysna): Knysna (-AA), Herb. STE 13509 (STE); Breyer s.n. (PRE 23904); Plet- tenberg Bay (-AB), Zeyher s.n. (NBG). 3424 (Humansdorp): Slang River (-BA), Spearman 25 (PRE); Fourcade 1860 (BOL); Humansdorp (-BB), Fourcade 1727 (BOL). Without precise
locality: Bouvin s.n. (P); Bowie s.n. (BM; K); Bunbury s.n. (BM); Cooper s.n. (NY); Duthie 516 (STE); Drdge s.n. (NY); Ecklon s.n. (TCD, W); Fourcade 1939 (BOL); Germishuizen 1745 (PRE); Macowan 475 (P); Masson s.n. (BM); Verreaux s.n. (G; TCD).
This species has been and is easily confused with E. acuminatum (below) and E. preptum (no. 8). For differences see under the latter species.
Eriosema squarrosum is the smallest of all the Cape, Transkeian and Natal species. It flowers from September through to March.
2. Eriosema acuminatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C. H. Stirton, comb, et stat. nov. Type: ‘In collibus montis Wintersberg prope Phillipstown’, Ecklon s.n. (S, holo.!; FI; K; P, iso.!).
Desmodium squarrosum (Thunb.) DC. var. acuminatum Eckl. & Zeyh., Enum. 251 (1836). Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. acuminatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 260 (1862). E. zeyheri E. Mey. var. acuminatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Bak., J. Bot., Lond. 33: 147 (1895).
Perennial herb up to 250 mm tall. Stems ascending to erect, branching near the base, densely clothed in golden-brown hairs. Leaves trifoliolate, 40-50 x 25-30 (-35) mm, broadly elliptic but becoming nar- rower and longer towards the ends of branches, lower leaves often obovate; apex acute, base cu- neate, appressed pilose above, densely woolly below with yellow appressed hairs massed along the veins, glandular; lateral leaflets smaller, gibbous. Stipules 11-16 (-20) mm long, falcate-lanceolate, free, clasp- ing the stem, sparingly appressed pubescent with long hairs interspersed from the centre thickening towards the apex. Petioles shorter than 5 mm. Ra- cemes axillary, (40-) 60-90 (-140) mm long, exceed- ing the leaves; peduncles 40-55 mm long, densely racemose beyond the middle and bearing 20-30 flowers. Flowers 8-10 mm long, pale red or orange, rarely yellowish; bracts persistent, equal to or ex- ceeding the flower. Calyx 6 mm long, lobes equal; teeth narrowly lanceolate, equal to the tube, keel tooth almost acicular, slightly longer than the vexil- lar and lateral teeth; covered in 3 mm long yellowish brown hairs and a few scattered glands. Standard 10 x 5-7 mm, narrowly to broadly obovate, subtended
14
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
by a 3 mm long claw, auriculate; appendages pres- ent, situated 4 mm from the base of the claw but above the auricles and free of them. Wing petals 9-10 mm long, 2, 5-3, 0 mm wide, cultrate, strongly auriculate, upcurving, longer than the keel. Keel pe- tals 8 mm long, up to 3,5—4, 0 mm wide, covered in yellow glands, distinctly pocketed. Staminal sheath 7-9 mm long, free stamen geniculate. Pistil 8 mm long; ovary 3 mm long, subsessile, densely hairy at least until halfway to the point of flexure of the style; height of curvature 2,5 mm; stigma capitate. Nectary present, margin erose. Fruit 11-12 x 7-8 mm, glan- dular, covered in reddish shaggy hairs. Seeds 5x3 mm, black, oblong. Fig. 3.
Eriosema acuminatum occurs mainly in grasslands in the Transkei (Fig. 4). It has not often been col- lected and is probably more common within its known overall distribution area than its representa- tion in herbaria suggests. According to herbarium labels this species flowers between October and November, but also occasionally in December and January. No ecological data were found on herbar- ium labels.
NATAL. — 2929 (Underberg): Injassuti Heights (-AB), Thode 8225 (STE). 3030 (Port Shepstone): Umtamvuna Nature Reserve (-AA), Abbott 2195 (NH); Shelley Bay (-CD), Mogg 11920 (PRE). 3130 (Port Edward): Port Edward (-AA), Stirton 5643, 5672 (PRE); S of Port Edward (-AA), Germishuizen 1745 (PRE); Ngwenya 215 (NH).
FIG. 3. — Holotype of Eriosema acuminatum (Ecklon s.n.)
FIG. 4. — Known distribution of Eriosema acuminatum.
TRANSKEI. — 3029 (Kokstad): Cabane River (-AB), Tyson 2653 (NBG). 3128 (Umtata); Umtata (-DB), Sole s.n. (NBG); Umtata District (-DB), Penther 2610 (W). 3129 (Port St Johns): Ntsubane Forest Station (-BC), Galpin 10994 (PRE); 73,2 km from Umtata to Port St Johns (-CB), Grobbelaar 2311 (PRU); Coffee Bay (-CC), Tyson 22 (PRE; NY); Port St Johns area (-DA), Swinney & Baker 14146 (PRE). 3228 (Butterworth): Idu- tywa (-AB), Schlechter 1377, 6271 (NBG; P; STE); 1 km from Butterworth to Komgha (-AC), Grobbelaar 2306 (PRU); Komgha (-CB), Compton 17657 (NBG); Kabonqaba (-CB), Tay- lor 3706 (NBG). 3226 (Fort Beaufort): Klipplaats River (-BB), iv.a.2., Drege s.n. (K; G; P; W). 3227 (Stutterheim): Fort Cu- nynghame (-AD), Taylor 4239 (NBG); Donga Range (-CB), Acocks 9344 (PRE). 3327 (Peddie): Igoda Holiday Camp (-BB), Steyl 4 (STE). 3228 (Butterworth): Qora Mouth (-BC), Hilner 485 (PRE); Kentani (-CB), Pegler 123 (PRE). Without precise locality: Barber s.n. (TCD).
E. acuminatum can be separated from E. squarro- sum (above) by its much longer, persistent flower bracts that are equal to or longer than the flowers, by the appendages on the standard being above and well free of the auricles and by the presence of golden or russet pubescence especially on the calyx and the undersurface of the leaflets. In E. squarro- sum the flower bracts are caducous, shorter than the flower, the pubescence is white and the appendages are better developed extending into the auricles of the standard. From E. rossii C. H. Stirton it differs in its much narrower stipules, larger fruits and pu- bescence of the leaflets.
3. Eriosema luteopetalum C. H. Stirton, sp. nov., E. lati folio (Harv.) C. H. Stirton affinis, sed floribus maioribus, bracteis longioribus differt.
Suffrutex usque ad 600 mm altus, vere florens. Fo- lia trifoliolata, 45-60 x 35-45 mm, lateralia minora, asymmetrica, obovata vel anguste obovata. Stipulae 12-15 mm longae, liberae. Racemi axillares, 24-45- flori, folia subtendentia superantes. Flores 12-15 mm longi, lutei, bracteae 10—15 mm longae, persist- entes. Calyx lobis aequalibus. Vex ilium 10-15 x 6-7 mm, obovatum, unguiculatum, reflexum, callis bene evolutis connatis, sursum crispis, supra unguem in auriculas extensis. Alae carinam subaequilongae. Vagina staminalis 10 mm longa. Gynoecium 10 mm longum; ovarium 5 mm longum, dense pubescens. Fructus 14-16 x 8-9 mm, sericeus, tenuiter pubes-
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
15
hairs and short white pubescence, glandular; upper margin double convex, lower margin convex-con- cave, beaked. Seeds 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, oval, pale chestnut brown; cotyledons well developed, radicle short, barely protruding from apex, plumule exserted. Fig. 5.
This species is endemic to southern Natal (Fig. 6) but may yet be discovered in the Transkei. It is com- mon along the coast and seems to grow best on sandy soils in previously burnt grassland. (Fig. 7). The range of this species appears to be extending as a result of roadbuilding activities.
FIG. 5. — Holotype of Eriosema luteopetalum (Stirton 5652).
cens. Semina 6 mm longa, 4 mm lata, pallide casta- nea.
TYPE. — Natal, 3030 (Port Edward): Roselands (-CD), Stirton 5652 (PRE, holo.; K, iso.).
Suffrutex up to 600 mm tall. Stems erect, branch- ing from the base, densely covered with golden de- flexed appressed hairs. Leaves trifoliolate, 45-60 x 35-45 mm, obovate, inland populations with leaflets becoming narrower, more acute and ovate; strigose above, densely white pubescent below with veins prominently yellowish strigose; lateral leaflets smaller. Stipules 12-15 mm long, broadly lanceolate, free, persistent. Racemes axillary, 24-45-flowered, greatly exceeding the leaves. Flowers greenish yel- low, 12-15 mm long with persistent 10-15 mm long, 3 mm wide boat-shaped bracts. Calyx lobes equal. Standard 10-15 x 6-7 mm, obovate, prominently clawed and auriculate, appendages well developed, fused, upcurled, extending from above the claw into the auricles. Wing petals equal in length to the keel, pouched. Keel petals pocketed, encrusted with small yellow glands. Staminal sheath 10 mm long; free sta- men geniculate. Pistil 10 mm long; ovary 5 mm long, subsessile, densely hairy, extending halfway along style to point of flexure, height of curvature 4 mm; stigma capitate, exserted beyond stamens. Nectary present, margin undulate. Fruit 14-16 x 8-9mm, thickly covered with a mixture of long yellowish
FIG. 7. — Habit and habitat of Eriosema luteopetalum.
16
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
NATAL. — 3030 (Port Shepstone): The Valley, Port Shepstone (-CB), Martin s.n. (PRE); Margate (-CD), Stirton 5660 (K; PRE), 10355 (NU); Shelley Beach (-CD), Stirton 5664 (K; PRE); Roselands (-CD), Stirton 5652 (K; PRE); Uvongo (-CD), Grob- belaar 1009 (PRE); near Izotsha turn-off on Ramsgate-Port Shep- stone Road (-CD), Stirton 1407 (PRE). Without precise locality: Drege s.n. (L: P; W); Wood 3139 (K).
Eriosema luteopetalum is a very showy shrub worthy of consideration as a garden plant. It pro- duces masses of inflorescences in spring providing a flash of yellow colour, soon to be followed by colourful brown fruits that persist on the plant long after the fruits have explosively scattered their seeds.
The specific epithet luteopetalum, was chosen to draw attention to the massed yellow flowers. It seems remarkable that this distinctive and locally abundant species has, until recently, been so rarely collected. This species appears to have been missed by most of the early collectors. Its nearest allies are E. latifolium (no. 7) and E. dregei (no. 5) from which.it differs in its very much larger flowers and distinctive pubescence.
4. Eriosema umtamvunense C. H. Stirton, sp. nov., E. squarroso (Thunb.) Walp. affinis, sed planta maiora, robustiora, floribus maioribus dif- fert.
Herba perenna usque ad 50 mm alta, vere florens. Folia trifoliolata, 57-70 x 28-40 mm, lateralia min- ora asymmetrica, elliptica. Stipulae 13 mm longae,
FIG. 8. — Eriosema umtamvunense (Stirton 5624):
libri. Racemi axillares, 20-25-florati, folia subten- dentia superantes. Flores 13-14 mm longi, rosei fla- vique; bracteae 8 mm longae, caducae. Calyx 6 mm longa, lobi tubam subaequantes. Vexillum 13 x 9 mm, unguiculatum, reflexum, calli bene evoluti, conferruminati cucullati, ab auriculis liberi. Petala carinae breviora quam alae. Vagina staminalis 10-12 mm longa. Gynoecium 11 mm longum; ovarium 5 mm longum, dense pubescens. Fructus 15-16 mm longus, 10-11 mm latus, molliter flavo-pubescens.
TYPE. — Transkei, 3130 (Port Edward): near Ku- Mankenbeya, Imizizi location (-AA), Stirton 5624 (PRE, holo.). Fig. 8a.
Erect perennial shrub up to 500 mm high. Root- stock horizontal, branched. Stems up to 20, branch- ing from lower nodes, densely recurved, appressed fulvous above but less dense towards the base. Leaves trifoliolate, 57-70 x 28-40 mm, length- breadth ratio 1, 6-1,9, scalloped, symmetrical, ellip- tic; laterals smaller, 50-65 x (19-) 24-32 mm, gib- bous, length-breadth ratio 1,3-1, 9, asymmetrical; fi- nely appressed hirsute above but dull green; tertiary venation visible in fresh leaves if held against the light; lower surface finely woolly grey to white with longer fulvous hairs on the primary veins, small yel- low glands visible; both terminal and lateral leaflets have a hairy midrib above; lowest leaves of the plant are obovate, apiculate. Stipules 13 x 6 mm, widest at middle, free, rapidly senescent, semipatent, tip re-
a, holotype; b, inflorescence; c, habit and habitat.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
17
curving, glabrous inside, pubescent outside, hairier along the margin. Petioles 3 mm long. Racemes up to 125 mm long, floriferous section 55 mm long, elon- gating with anthesis, 20-25-flowered. Flowers 13-14 mm long; red and yellow (Fig. 8b); bracts 8 mm long, caducous. Calyx 8 mm long, lobes equal; teeth more or less equal to the tube. Standard 13 x 9 mm; claw 3 mm long; emarginate sides recurved; bright brick red on the back, venation black, base above the claw yellow; glands present, yellow; appendages present, hooded, free from auricles. Wing petals 13 x 4 mm, cultrate, longer than the keel; orange, suf- fused with pink. Keel petals 12 mm long, 5 mm wide at broadest point, sparsely covered in yellow glands. Staminal sheath 10-12 mm long, free stamen genicu- late. Pistil 11 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; height of curvature 4 mm high; stigma small, exserted. Nec- tary present. Fruits 15-16 x 10-11 mm, with 3-4 mm long beak; staminal sheath shrivelled but persistent during fruiting, densely covered in long, golden, ap- pressed hairs. Seeds unknown.
Eriosema umtamvunense is endemic to the rolling grasslands decking the plateaux on either side of the Umtamvuna Gorge (Fig. 8c). So far it has been re- corded only above 300 m. It is restricted, with E. latifolium, to Acocks’s Pondoland Coastal Plateau Sourveld (Fig. 9). Flowering takes place in Novem- ber and December.
FIG. 9. — Known distribution of Eriosema umtamvunense.
TRANSKEI. — 3130 (Port Edward): near Ku-Mankenbeya in the Umizizi area (-AA), Stirton 5624 (K; PRE).
NATAL— 3030 (Port Shepstone): Blencathra Farm (-AA), Stirton 8063 (PRE); Izingolweni Hill (-AA), Hilliard 1709 (NU); 7 km from Port Edward to Izingolweni (-AA), Stirton 8099 (PRE); 10 km from Izingolweni to Port Edward (-CC), Stirton 1389 (K; PRE); Beacon Hill East (-CC), Strey 7242 (NU); Sky- line Farm (-CC), Schrire 320 (NU; NH); Skyline Farm (-CC), Germishuizen 1713 (PRE); 15 km from Izingolweni to Port Ed- ward (-CC), Stirton 1388, 1391 (PRE); Umtamvuna River (-CC), Nicholson 1306 (PRE); Umtamvuna Nature Reserve (-CC), Van Wyk 5149 (PRU).
E. umtamvunense is a very distinctive, locally abundant Eriosema, yet like E. latifolium it has been collected rather infrequently. Strey 7242, collected as recently as 1967, is the first record of the species.
It seems to have been missed by all the early collec- tors. This is not surprising as it is distributed on top of the escarpment and generally grows in grassland that would have been largely inaccessible to early ex- plorers. One wonders what other treasures are still to be discovered in the Umtamvuna Gorge and its escarpment.
This species has been consistently lumped with E. squarrosum (no. 1), E. dregei (below), E. latifolium (no. 7) and E. luteopetalum (no. 3). It differs from all of these species in its red and yellow flowers and golden-haired calyces; occasional yellow morphs can occur. The latter species all have yellow flowers and silver-haired calyces. From E. preptum (no. 8) it can be separated by its much larger flowers and fruits and by the wing petals exceeding the keel petals.
5. Eriosema dregei E. Mey., Comm. 129 (1836). Rhynchosia dregei (E. Mey.) Steud., Nom. 2: 454 (1841). Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. dregei Benth. ex Harv., FI. Cap. 1: 260 (1862). E. zeyheri E. Mey. var. dregei (E. Mey.) Bak. f. in J. Bot., Lond. 33: 147 (1895). Lectotype: Natal, Um- zimkulu River, Drege s.n. V.c. 18 (P; K, isolecto.).
Suffrutex up to 400 mm high. Stems 4-10, branched from the base, finely appressed white pu- bescent. Leaves trifoliolate; upper leaflet 60-70 x 30-33 mm, ovate to narrowly ovate; laterals some- what gibbous, 45-50 x 21-25 mm; finely grey woolly beneath, finely sericeous, greyish green above; rha- chis channelled. Stipules 12 x 4 mm, free, senescing before leaves expand. Petioles 3-4 mm long. Race- mes axillary, up to 67-flowered, exceeding leaves, 55-60 mm long. Flowers 14 mm long, yellow; bracts 5x2 mm, boat-shaped. Calyx 7-8 mm long, lobes equal; teeth 3-4 mm long, shorter than the tube, finely covered in grey hairs and minute yellow glands. Standard 14 x 9 mm, obovate, emarginate; claw 3 mm long; auricles present 4 mm apart; back of standard finely pubescent and densely covered in minute yellow glands; appendages present, fused, hooded, extending to auricles. Wing petals 13 mm long, up to 3 mm wide, slightly longer than the keel blades, basal part held horizontally, but other edges drooping. Keel petals 12,5-13,0 mm long, up to 7 mm wide, densely covered in yellow glands. Stami- nal sheath 11 mm long, tenth stamen free. Pistil 11 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; height of curvature 4 mm, style thickened at point of flexure. Nectary present, margin erase. Fruit 15 x 11 mm, beak 2 mm wide; chestnut-brown covered in soft 2 mm long, red-brown hairs. Seeds unknown. Fig. 10.
Eriosema dregei is endemic to the low-lying coastal dune and riverine grasslands, below 200 m altitude, and extending from Port Edward in Natal to the Mkambati River Mouth in the Transkei (Fig. 11). The area between these localities and Port St Johns is little explored and this species can be ex- pected to occur there. Flowering takes place be- tween August and October.
NATAL. — 3130 (Port Edward): Port Edward (-AA), Stirton 5671 (PRE), 8068 (K; PRE; NU); Germishuizen 1532, 1740 (PRE); Ngwenya 214 (NH).
TRANSKEI.— 3129 (Port St Johns): 4 km inland from Port Grosvenor (-BD), Strey 8905 (K; PRE); Mkambati (-BD), Van
18
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
»■
FIG. 10. — Representative specimen of Eriosema dregei (Stirton 5671).
Wyk 1551 (PRE); Msikaba River Mouth, Venter & Vorster 204 (PRE). 3130 (Port Edward): Mzamba River Mouth (-AA), Stir- ton 5604 (K; PRE). Without precise locality: Umzimkulu River, Drege V.c. 18 (K; P).
Eriosema dregei is most commonly confused with E. luteopetalum (no. 3) from which it differs in its silvery stems and immature leaves, narrower wing and keel petals, smaller caducous flower bracts, and the silvery appressed pubescence of the upper sur- face of the leaflets. In E. luteopetalum the stems and leaves are russet- or golden-brown, the flower bracts are nearly twice as long and wider, and the pubes- cence on the upper surface of the leaflets is short, appressed and yellowish.
Like E. luteopetalum this species is also rather at- tractive, especially when in full flower. These small silvery plants stand out quite strikingly in the coastal grasslands where they occur. E. dregei is sympatric with E. acuminatum (no. 2) but is allopatric with E. luteopetalum (no. 3) E. umtamvunense (no. 4) and E. lati folium (no. 7).
Strey 8905, collected near Port St Johns, has a very characteristic facies and may turn out to be a new species. This distinctive plant should be searched for and compared with E. dregei.
6. Eriosema rossii C. H. Stirton, sp. nov., affini- tate incerta.
Herba perennis ad 350 mm alta, vere florens. Caules erecti, basi ramificantes, subtiliter pubes- centes pilis reflexis. Folia trifoliolata, 45-65 x 25-30 mm, elliptica; lateralia minora asymmetrica. Stipu- lae 15-18 mm longae, liberae. Racemi axillares, 30-60-florati ut pseudospicati congesti, foliis aequi- longi. Flores 12 mm longi, aurantiaci venis rubribus flavique; bracteo ad 12 mm longo. Calyx 7 mm longo. Vexillum 11 mm longum, 6-7 mm latum, anguste obovatum, auriculatum, reflexum. Petala carinae breviora quam alae. Vagina staminalis 1 mm longa. Gynoecium 7-8 mm longum; ovarium seri- ceum. Fructus 15 mm longus, 10 mm latus, pilis patentibus, 2-3 mm longis vestitus.
TYPE. — 3030 (Port Shepstone): 1 km from Hluta- kungo on road to Highflats (-AD), Stirton 1205 (PRE, holo.; K, iso.).
Erect herb up to 350 mm high, arising from a short vertical rootstock with constricted outline; lateral branches very constricted, horizontal. Stems up to 10, covered in semi-patent, downward pointing hairs and short appressed hairs. Leaves trifoliolate; ter- minal leaflet 45-65 x 25-30 mm, elliptic; laterals 38-55 x 16-20(-27) mm, gibbous, length-breadth ratio 1, 4-2,0; densely covered in fine erect silky hairs; lower surface covered with numerous small yellow glands, margins and veins appressed hairy, finely pubescent between; upper surface dark green, lower pale green. Stipules 15—18 mm long, up to 6-8 mm wide, free, green, erect, clasping the stem. Racemes axillary, 30-60-flowered, hidden by the leaves during anthesis but elongating thereafter. Flowers 12 mm long, pale orange, equal in length to the subtending bracts. Calyx 7 mm long, lobes equal, tube 2 mm long, teeth triangular, covered in golden patent hairs. Standard 11 mm long, up to 6-7 mm wide, narrowly obovate, auriculate, clawed, apex truncate; back red with darker venation and packed with yellow glands, inside pale orange with red vena- tion and yellow nectar guide. Wing petals 10 x 2,3 mm, claw 3 mm long; auriculate, triangular; exceed- ing the keel blades; pale pink with red venation and
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
19
with a few small yellow glands and hairs along the main vein. Keel petals lined with red along the lower margins, densely covered with yellow glands. Stami- nal sheath 7 mm long, tenth stamen free. Pistil 7-8 mm long; ovary silky; height of curvature 2 mm; stigma large, capitate. Fruits 15 x 10 mm, very shortly beaked, bracts still persistent during fruiting; constricted, clothed in 2-3 mm long reddish hairs. Seeds unknown. Fig. 12.
-noou C H <Ust^
c.u. mo
SS3& HERBARIUM PRETORIA
FIG. 12. — Isotype of Eriosema rossii (Stirton 1205).
Eriosema rossii is restricted to the higher-lying Ngongoni Veld (Acocks’s Veldtype 5) of southern Natal and the eastern Transkei (Fig. 13). The Um- komaas River Valley bisects Acocks’s Veldtype 5 and it may be significant that many legumes found in the southern portion of this veld type have not been recorded from the area north of the Umkomaas River. Another example in Eriosema is E. populifo- lium Harv.
NATAL. — 3029 (Kokstad): Ingeli Forest area (-DA), Stirton 8113 (PRE). 3030 (Port Shepstone): 10 km from Highflats to Um- zinto (-AB), Stirton 8202 (PRE); 1 km from Hlutakungo to High- flats (-AD), Stirton 1205 (K; PRE); 4 km from Umsawoti to Highflats (-AD), Stirton 750, 751 (K; PRE); Hlutakungo (-AD), Stirton 5563 (K; PRE); Umtwalumi Falls (-AD), Stirton 743 (PRE); Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve (-BC), Balkwill & Man- ning 980, 988 (NU). Umgaye (-BC), Rudatis 559 (BM), 717 (BM; STE). Without precise locality Krauss 475 (K; BM; US).
TRANSKEI. — 3029 (Kokstad): Malowe Mountain (-BD), Ty- son 2698 (NBG; PRE), 5846 (PRE). 3129 (Port St Johns): 13 km NE of Ludongo Store (-AD), Acocks 13425 (PRE); Ntsubane Forestry Station (-BC), Galpin 10994 (PRE).
Eriosema rossii is named in honour of Dr James Ross in recognition of his important contribution to our knowledge of southern African legumes, par- ticularly the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae and Mim- osoideae.
Although this species is fairly common within its distribution range, it was until recently poorly repre- sented in herbaria. With its large stipules and small compact inflorescences it is generally easily separ- ated from the other species in the E. squarrosum complex.
There is, however, a group of plants which may form part of this species. I have previously anno- tated this group in various herbaria as E. superposi- tum mss. It is allopatric with E. rossii and is separ- ated from it by its long-peduncled, few-flowered box-like inflorescences held high above the sparsely pubescent subtending leaves. But since the interven- ing area between the two ranges has not been col- lected I do not wish to recognize it formally until more is known about the variation present in both groups.
The following brief description may be useful to collectors who might be fortunate to find plants of this unnamed group which grows in small scattered colonies.
Erect perennial arising from a daucate rootstock with side branches arising from just below the stylo- podium; younger rootstocks constricted. Stems 1-5, branching once or twice near base, densely clothed in 1-1,5 mm long, fulvous, semi-patent, downward pointing hairs with shorter hairs interspersed. Leaves trifoliolate, first leaves regularly narrowly ovate and unifoliolate; terminal leaflet 45-70 x 12-20 mm, sparsely covered in short, stiff, semi- erect hyaline hairs, under surface sparingly pubes- cent with numerous yellow glands present. Stipules 9-15 x 3-4 mm. Racemes axillary, with up to 12
20
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
flowers, box-like, congested at the apex of a long pe- duncle, greatly overtopping the leaves, 13 x 20 mm; peduncle 40-100 mm long. Flowers 7-9 mm long, longer than the subtending flower bract.
NATAL. — 2930 (Pietermaritzburg): Inchanga (-DA), Stirton 387b (K; PRE); Key Ridge (-DC), Stirton 555, 1126, 1365, 5077 (K; PRE); 3 km from Key Ridge to Durban (-DC), Stirton 5546 (K; PRE); Botha’s Hill (-DC), Stirton 542 (K; PRE); near Dur- ban (-DD), Gerrard 423 (TCD); Wentworth (-DD) Ward 6112 (PRE; NU), 5207 (NU) 6474 (NU); Treasure Beach (-DD), Bluff, Ellery 39 (NU). 3030 (Port Shepstone): Umkomaas (-BB), Stirton 8044 (PRE). Without precise locality: Sanderson 278, 378. (TCD); Hutton s.n. (TCD).
This taxon has disappeared rapidly from the area between Durban and Key Ridge and is now found only in a few isolated patches of the natural grass- land that has not yet been built on or been destroyed through overgrazing.
7. Eriosema latifolium (Benth. ex Harv.) C. H. Stirton, comb, et stat. nov.
Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. latifolium Benth. ex Harv., FI. Cap. 2: 260 (1862). Eriosema zeyheri E. Mey. var. lati- folium Benth. ex Bak. f. in J. Bot., Lond. 33: 147 (1895). Lecto- type: Natal, ‘in graminosis circa stationem St. Andrews dictam’, Tyson 2834 (SAM; K, isolecto.).
Erect suffrutex up to 1 m tall. Stems up to 10, branching from the lower nodes, velvety. Leaves tri- foliolate, basal leaves unifoliolate, 50-75 x 35—45 mm, symmetrical, obovate but also elliptic; laterals smaller, 45-60 x 20-30 mm, asymmetrical, gibbous, length-breadth ratio 1,3-1 ,5; densely pubescent above, dull greenish, densely woolly grey-white be- neath with fulvous veins; densely glandular below but hidden beneath the hairs. Stipules 8— 9(— 11) x 5-6 mm, broadly ovate, tip somewhat falcate, free, clasping the stem. Petiole 3-5 mm long. Racemes ax- illary, 30-45-flowered, 11-22 mm long, held well above foliage; peduncles 30-75 mm long. Flowers (9)10-11 mm long, yellow; bracts 6-7 mm long, 2 mm wide, boat-shaped. Calyx 5, 0-5 ,5 mm long, lobes equal; teeth 2 mm long, equal, shorter than the tube, long tawny-haired becoming appressed on the tube, glandular. Standard 11 mm long, narrowly obovate, clawed, weakly auriculate, glandular and pubescent on the back; appendages weakly devel- oped, fused, thinly ridged, extending on each side downwards to the auricles but ending 1,5 mm away from them. Wing petals 11,0-11,5 x 2, 5-3,0 mm, narrowly cultrate, slightly hairy along the base, somewhat pouched near the poorly developed auri- cle, sparsely glandular, longer than the keel blades. Keel blades 8, 5-9,0 mm long, up to 3, 5-4,5 mm wide; densely glandular, hairy along the base. Stami- nal sheath 8 mm long; free stamen geniculate; pollen variable in size. Pistil 7 mm long; ovary 2,8-3 ,0 mm long, densely pubescent; height of curvature 3-4 mm; stigma capitate. Fruits unknown. Fig. 14.
This species is endemic to southern Natal and the north-eastern Transkei (Fig. 15). It occurs in open grassland, both near riverine and mountain forests. Flowering takes place in October and November.
NATAL.— 3030 (Port Shepstone): 18 km from Izingolweni to Port Edward, (-CC), Stirton 1385 (K; PRE).
TRANSKEI. — 3029 (Kokstad): 86,5 km from Lusikisiki to Port Edward (-DD), Grobbelaar 2321 (PRU); Bizana (-DD), Stirton 5599 (PRE; K). 3129 (Port St Johns): St Andrews Station (-BC),
FIG. 14. — Representative specimen of Eriosema latifolium
(Strey 10132).
Tyson 2834 (K; NBG); Goss Point f-BD), Strey 10132 (PRE; K). Without precise locality: near Umkwani River, Tyson 2633 (NBG); Anonymous 559 (W).
Although described by Harvey as long ago as 1862 this species has been collected only rarely. It occu- pies Acocks’s Veld Type 3, his Pondoland Coastal Plateau Sourveld. This veld type has until recently been little explored and I am certain that once a full Enumeration has been made of its constituents it will receive the recognition it deserves as an area of endemism.
Eriosema latifolium is closely allied to E. dregei (no. 5) and E. luteopetalum (no. 3), two other yel- low-flowered suffrutices from the same general re- gion. It differs from these two species in its much smaller flowers, the appendages on the standard be- ing well-free of the auricles, its shorter stipules and narrowly oblong racemes.
The presence of variably sized pollen grains strongly suggests that this species may be of hybrid origin. It is perhaps significant that this species oc- curs as scattered individuals or small colonies. The few fruits that have been found contained shrivelled seeds only.
8. Eriosema preptum C. H. Stirton in Bothalia 13:323 (1981). Type: Natal, 2930 (Pietermaritz- burg): Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg (-CB), Stirton 1242 (PRE, holo.; K, iso.).
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
21
Perennial herb or suffrutex 200-600 mm tall. Stems 1-15, clothed in short white hairs with longer hairs interspersed. Rootstock with long stylopodium, thin and beaded when young, becoming wavy or constricted but finally daucate when mature. Leaves trifoliolate, basal leaves usually unifoliolate, 45-60 x 20-30 mm; laterals smaller, less symmetrical, el- liptic to narrowly obovate, if unifoliolate then obo-
FIG. 16. — Representative specimen of Eriosema preptum (Stir- ton 1244).
vate, apex subacute, base cuneate; sparsely pubes- cent above, densely woolly below with veins promi- nent due to dense covering of longer appressed hairs, glandular. Stipules 8-14 mm long, free. Race- mes axillary, (8-)25-35-flowered, overtopping the subtending leaves. Flowers 6-7 mm long, up to 3 mm wide, orange with red veins or yellow-orange; bracts 4-6 mm long, rapidly caducous. Calyx 4 mm long, tube 2 mm long; keel lobe up to 3,5 mm long, teeth triangular. Standard 6-10 x 6 mm, emarginate with well developed downward curving auricles, clawed; back hairy and glandular; appendages present, fused, extending from auricle to auricle just above the apex of the claw. Wing petals 8-9 x 2,0-2,75 mm, auriculate, upcurving, longer than keel. Keel petals 6-7 mm long, up to 3-4 mm wide, pouched, gland-dotted. Staminal sheath 6 mm long; tenth sta- men free. Pistil 6-7 mm long; ovary 2,5 mm long, densely hairy; style thickest at point of flexure, hairy for | its length, height of curvature 2 mm. Nectary present, 0,2-0, 3 mm high, margin wavy. Fruits 10-13 x 8-10 mm, sericeous. Seeds grey or light brown, with speckles or blotches. Fig. 16.
Eriosema preptum is endemic to Natal and ex- tends some 100 km inland from the coastal belt (Fig. 17). It occurs in Acocks’s Coastal Forest and Thorn- veld (VT1), Ngongoni Veld (VT5) and his Zululand Thornveld (VT6). It favours sandy, well drained sites along roadsides and ditches but is also com- monly found in regularly burned grassland. Flow- ering extends from September to February but oc- curs mainly in October.
NATAL. — 2830 (Dundee): Scottspoort (-CC), Thode 4418 (STE). 2831 (Nkandla): 6 km S of Hlabisa (-BB), Codd 2003 (K; PRE); 10 km from Eshowe to Gingindlovu (-CD), Stirton 5349 (PRE). 2930 (Pietermaritzburg): Scottsville (-CB), Stirton 1242, 1410, 5516 (K; PRE); Goossens 126 (G); behind Oribi Aero- drome (-CB), Stirton 1244 (K; PRE); Camperdown (-DA), Stir- ton 5542 (PRE); 5 km from Table Mountain to Pietermaritzburg (-DA), Stirton 1032 (K; PRE). 2931 (Stanger): 43 km from Stanger to Mtunzini (-AB), Stirton 407, 1001 (K; PRE); Tugela Monument (-AB), Grobbelaar 1810 (PRU); Umhlali (-AD), Meebold 13364 (NY); 10 km from Durban to Stanger (-AD), Stir- ton 1254 (K; PRE); Gingindlovu (-BA), Stirton 1256 (K; PRE); near Compensation (-BA), Stirton 1160 (K; PRE); Kanyile Monument (-CD), Grobbelaar 2325 (PRU). 3030 (Port Shep- stone): Pumula (-BB), Stirton 10343 (NU); Clydesdale (-BD), Tyson s.n. (NBG); 8 km from Eston to Winklespruit (-BB), Stir- ton 1122 (K; PRE); 19 km from turn-off to Oribi Gorge Hotel on road to Paddock (-CA), Germishuizen 1690 (PRE); Southbroom (-CB), Schrire 318 (NU); 3 km from Port Shepstone to Margate (-CD), Stirton 8050 (PRE).
Eriosema preptum hybridizes with E. cordatum E. Mey. and E. salignum E. Mey. (Stirton 1981b). The hybrid progeny are rather robust and are well repre- sented in herbaria. Their presence in herbaria has however obscured the boundaries of what are three quite distinct species.
This species is related to E. rossii (no. 6) and its variants but is separated by its fewer-flowered well exserted racemes, much smaller, rapidly caducous flower bracts, smaller flowers and more woolly leaf- lets.
SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE COMPLEX
During the course of this study I have come across several specific epithets which have been attributed
22
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
to the E. squarrosum complex. I have not been able to verify the identity of all of these names. The fol- lowing notes should however clarify the position of some of them.
1. Eriosema dregei Meissn., in Krauss ( Flora 27: 357, 1844), nomen. Krauss never published this name but used it to identify material he saw of Erio- sema parviflorum E. Mey.
2. Eriosema puberulum Eckl. & Zeyh. ( Enum . 256, 1836) = Rhynchosia puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud.
3. Eriosema reticulatum E. Mey. {Comm. 129, 1836) = Rhynchosia sp. There is a specimen of E. salignum E. Mey. in P, collected by Drege, which is annotated by E. Meyer as E. reticulatum E. Mey. This is clearly a misidentification as the specimen does not match the protologue of E. reticulatum.
4. Eriosema rogersii Schinz = Rhynchosia bar- bertonensis C. H. Stirton, nom. nov. Eriosema ro- gersii Schinz in Vjschr. naturf. Ges. Zurich 71: 138 (1926); non R. rogersii Schinz in Vjschr. naturf. Ges. Zurich 71: 137 (1926). Type: Transvaal, Barberton, Thorncroft leg. Rogers 19157 (Z, holo.; BM, frag- ment).
5. Eriosema sericeum Eckl. & Zeyh. {Enum. 256, 1836). = Rhynchosia sp.
6. Eriosema transvaalense Moss ex P. Glover (5. Afr. J. Sci. 34: 247, 1937), nomen.
7. Eriosema trinerve E. Mey. {Comm. 130, 1836). I have seen only one specimen annotated as such by E. Meyer. This specimen is not an Eriosema. Dr. R. M. Harley (Kew) has kindly named it as Micromeria sp. (Lamiaceae). There is a note written by the late Dr J. Raynal in the Paris Herbarium (27-6-1963) to suggest that ‘this is probably an incorrectly labelled plant’. The protologue of this species is too vague and as it could be applied to any of a number of species it cannot be applied until a specimen so named is found.
8. Eriosema villosum (Meissn.) C. A. Sm. ex Burtt Davy {FI. Transv. 2: 413, 1932). = Rhynchosia villosa (Meissn.) Druce.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank the Directors and staff of all the cited her- baria who supplied material and other information; Messrs G. Germishuizen, G. B. Harding and B. Sch- rire who accompanied me on field trips to study ma- terial in situ; Mrs A. Romanowski for the photo- graphs of type specimens, and Mr M. Svanderlik (Kew) for photographs of the distribution maps.
UITTREKSEL
Alle digbehaarde Suider-Afrikaanse spesies van Eriosema is oor die jare gewoonweg onder E. squar- rosum (Thunb.) Walp. geplaas. Hierdie studie klaar die identiteit van E. squarrosum op; drie nuwe tak- sons word erken: E. luteopetalum C. H. Stirton, E. rossii C. H. Stirton en E. umtamvunense C. H. Stir- ton; twee nuwe kombinasies word gemaak: E. latifo- lium (Benth. ex Harv.) C. H. Stirton en E. acumina- tum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C. H. Stirton; en E. dregei E. Mey. word herstel. Die spesie E. preptum C. H. Stir- ton, wat reeds beskryf is, behoort ook tot hierdie kompleks. Rhynchosia barbertonensis C. El. Stirton word as nuwe naam vir E. rogersii Schinz gegee.
REFERENCES
STIRTON, C. H. 1978. The Eriosema cordatum complex. I. The E. populifolium group. Bothalia 12: 395 — 404.
STIRTON, C. H. 1981a. The Eriosema cordatum complex. II. The Eriosema cordatum and E. nutans groups. Bothalia 13: 281-306.
STIRTON, C. H. 1981b. Natural hybridization in the genus Erio- sema (Leguminosae) in South Africa. Bothalia 13: 307-315.
STIRTON, C. H. 1981c. Studies in the Leguminosae — Papilio- noideae of Southern Africa. Bothalia 13: 317-325.
Bothalia 16,1: 23-27 (1986)
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 2. A new species of the section Pilifer : R. sarcosa
O. H. VOLK* and S. M. PEROLD**
Keywords: dorsal epithelium, Marchantiales, Riccia sarcosa sp. nov., section Pilifer
ABSTRACT
Riccia sarcosa Volk & Perold, a new species endemic to southern Africa is described. This species belongs to the section Pilifer Volk (1983), which now comprises 8 species characterized by the dorsal epithelium consisting of loose cell pillars. R. sarcosa is recognized by the distinct white margins of the thallus, by inconspicuous hyaline scales that do not extend above the thallus margins and by the spore ornamentation consisting of round, deep-set areolae or foveae.
Riccia sarcosa Volk & Perold, sp. nov. sectionis Pilifer, R. duthiae similis sed thallo marginibus albis sporisque foveolis bene impressis differt.
Thallus dioecius mediocris, lobis ad 10 mm longis, 1,5-3 mm latis, 1-1,5 mm crassis, obovatis, apice sulcatis; superficies dorsalis velutina, virella, leviter concava, marginibus albis. Frons in sectione trans- versali: stratum piliferum (epithelium) pilis liberis gradatim contractis 3-4 cellulis seriatis; chloren- chyma columnis 8-10-cellularibus canalibusque aeri- feribus tenuibus. Squamae imbricatae, hyalinae, margines thalli aegre superantes. Sporangia dorsa- liter protuberantia. Sporae 90-130 pm diametro, tri- angulo-globosae polares, ochraceae, ala angusta, 6-12 foveolis in diametro. Chromosomatum nume- rus n = 8 (Bornefeld 1985).
TYPE. — Cape, 3224 (Graaff-Reinet): Aberdeen, next to road R57, 2 km north-east of junction with R61, at shallow edges of vleis temporarily damp or occasionally inundated (-AC), 1981.04.11, Volk 81-274b (M; PRE), associated with R. duthieae, Marsilia burchellii, Crassula spp., Ruschia spp., Chloris virgata and thick layers of Cyanophyceae. On clayey soil, pH 6. 5-6. 9.
Thallus dioecious, perennial, gregarious or in in- complete rosettes up to 20 mm across, medium- sized, lobes up to 10 mm long, 1,5-3 mm broad, 1-1,5 mm thick (Fig. 1.1, 1.2; Table 1), obovate, narrow at base, widening distally, occasionally sin- gle, usually 2 to 3 times furcate, some segments branching again close to apex; branches variously di- vergent: main branches often parallel at initial di- chotomy, subsequent branches usually more widely divergent (Fig. 1.1); in dense populations segments mostly elongated and small; dorsal surface when dry whitish green, somewhat felt-like, apex and sides with hyaline scales inflexed; when turgid, bright green, glistening, velvety, older parts and along mar- gins white, sulcate at apex and shortly emarginate, slightly concave to flat, scales only prominent at
* Botanische Anstalten d. Univ. Wurzburg D 8700, Germany, B.R.D.
** Botanical Research Institute, Department of Argiculture & Water Supply, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, RSA.
apex. Thallus branches in transverse section 1,5 to 2,5 times as broad as thick; dorsal surface with shal- low depression in centre, margins acute; flanks steeply ascending, sloping slightly outwards near apex, pale green, sometimes flecked with reddish purple; ventral surface slightly convex, greenish; dorsal covering of epithelial cells (Figs 1.2, 1.3; 2. 2-2. 4) about the thickness of transverse sec- tion, consisting of loose cell pillars varying from 130-7 S0-22O pm in length (Tables 1 & 2), each pillar with 3-4 empty, delicate and inflated, hyaline cells, basal cells up to 80 pm wide and occasionally giving rise to unicellular globular outgrowths in spaces be- tween pillars, thus reducing sizes of air-spaces above intercellular channels (Fig. 2. 2-2. 4), pillars tapering to smaller terminal apical cells about 33 pm wide, their shapes conical, mammillate or globular, giving dorsal surface of thallus a somewhat papillose ap- pearance when viewed from above (Fig. 2.1); assimi- lation tissue (chlorenchyma) the thickness of section, 320-570-640 pm thick (Fig. 1.2; Table 1), consisting of columns or plates one cell thick, 8-10 cuboidal cells high, and enclosing 4-6-8-sided air- channels (Fig. 1.4); storage tissue ^ the thickness of section, 320—700-470 pm thick (Fig. 1.2; Table 1), with closely packed, rounded or hexagonal cells, av- erage diameter 50 pm; rhizoids arising from flat epi- dermal cells of ventral surface or from bases of scales, about 30 pm wide, mostly smooth. Scales closely imbricate, semicircular, 1 000-1 500 pm long and 600 pm broad, hyaline or white, basal cells often reddish purple; almost as broad as thickness of thal- lus, scarcely projecting above thallus margin; cells oblong-hexagonal, 110 pm long x 35 pm wide, smaller at margin, 35 pm long x 30-40 pm wide, cell walls straight (Fig. 1.2, 1.5). Antheridia not seen. Archegonia near middle of thallus, their necks pur- ple-brown. Sporangia bulging dorsally, 0,6-0, 8 mm across, containing 250-450 spores. Spores 90-130 pm in diameter, triangular-globular, polar; ochre- coloured to dark brown, semi-transparent becoming opaque with age; wing narrow 2,5 pm wide, project- ing slightly more at marginal angles, incised or with pore in spore wall, margin smooth to finely crenu- late; ornamentation on distal face incompletely re- ticulate: in centre of spore 5-7 smaller areolae about 10 pm wide, surrounded by larger 25 pm wide areo-
24
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
FIG. 1 .—Riccia sarcosa (Volk 81-274b and Volk 81-292b , M, PRE). Structure of thallus, spores and chromosomes. 1, different habits; 2, transverse section of the thallus; 3, epithelial cells; 4, horizontal section through chlorenchyma; 5, part of ventral scale, 6, ornamentation of distal spore face; 7, chromosomes. (1-6, by O. H. Volk; 7, by T. Bornefeld). Scale bar on 1 - 4 mm; 2 = 500 pm; 3-5 = 100 pm; 6 = 50 pm; 7 = 1 pm.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
25
FIG. 2. — Riccia sarcosa (Volk 81-274b and Volk 81-292b, M, PRE). Thallus, epithelium and spores. 1, surface view of distal part of thallus; 2 & 3, epithelium viewed from above, showing interspatial outgrowths; 4, oblique view of same; 5-7, distal face of spores. [1-4, SEM micrographs by O. H. Volk; 5, 6, LM (light microscope) photographs by O. H. Volk; 7, LM photograph by S. M. Perold.] Scale bars on 1-4 = 50 pm; diameter of spores on 5-7 ca 100 pm.
lae, their borders thick, ring-like, often not reaching to wing (Figs 1.6; 2. 5-2. 7; 3.5, 3.6), some spores with 6-12 small pits or foveae across diameter; prox- imal face with triradiate mark distinct, areolae of facets (Fig. 3. 1-3.4) about 7,5 pm wide, often with raised papillae at nodes; an area 10 pm wide be- tween areolae and margin of spore, as well as narrow strips flanking parts of triradiate mark, without or- namentation (Fig. 3. 1-3.4). Chromosome number n = 8 (Bornefeld 1984); the letters A-E (Fig. 1.7) identify the chromosomes according to Bornefeld (1984).
R. sarcosa is distinguished from the other seven species in the section Pilifer by the distinct white
margin of the thallus, by its mostly inconspicuous scales that do not project above the thallus margin, and by the dorsal epithelial cell pillars which often
TABLE 1. — R. sarcosa, measurements on transverse section (cul- tivated plants of Volk 81-274b and Volk 81-292b)
Breadth of thallus : 2, 1-2, 3-2, 7 mm
Thickness of thallus : 1,0-1, 3-1, 5 mm
Thickness of epithelium : 130-180-220 pm, ca thickness of thallus
Thickness of chlorenchyma : 320-510-640 pm, ca ^thickness of thallus
Thickness of storage tissue : 320-400-470 pm, ca^- thickness of thallus
26
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
have inflated basal and smaller terminal cells. The ornamentation of the spore wall is also distinctly dif- ferent with deep-set, ringed areolae or foveae.
The type specimen, Volk 81-274b , was part of a mixed collection of R. duthieae (Volk 82-274) and was only recognized as a new species when plants from this collection were cultivated. A further speci- men of R. sarcosa was isolated from a gathering of R. albomarginata, ( Volk 81-292) (see Volk 1983)
collected in the Willem Pretorius Wildtuin about 25 km E of the Park office on shallow soil over flat rock plates, temporarily wet and growing together with Crassula spp., Ruschia indurata (L. Bol.) Schwant., Anacampseros spp., Oropetium spp., Riccia volkii etc. pH of soil 6,2. A third specimen of this rare species was recently collected by J. M. Perold 10 km S of Ladybrand on shallow soil overlying a flat rocky outcrop. Fig. 4.
FIG. 3.— Riccia sarcosa (Volk 81-292b, M, PRE). Spores. 1 & 2, proximal face; 3, areolae on one of proximal facets; 4, viewed from side; 5, distal face; 6, areolae on distal face. (SEM micrographs by S. M. Perold). Scale bars = 50 (rm.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
27
TABLE 2. — R. sarcosa, size (in |xm) of the 3-4 cells of the epithelial pillars and of cells of the chlorenchyma in transverse section (cultivated plants of Volk 81-274b and Volk 81-292b)
|
Average size |
Length |
Variations |
in size |
||
|
Length |
Breadth |
Breadth |
Length |
Breadth |
|
|
Terminal cell |
46 |
33 |
1,4:1 |
28-75 |
20-40 |
|
Middle cell(s) |
53 |
50 |
1:1 |
38-70 |
44-60 |
|
Basal cell (if 3 cells in pillar) |
63 |
60 |
1:1 |
40-100 |
48-80 |
|
Basal cell (if 4 cells in pillar) |
55 |
56 |
1:1 |
40-60 |
50-70 |
|
Total length of pillar |
190 |
160-200 |
|||
|
Chlorenchyma cells Volk 81-274b |
48 |
45 |
1,1:1 |
40-60 |
36-56 |
|
Volk 81-292b |
44 |
57 |
0,8:1 |
40-52 |
50-60 |
OFS. — 2827 (Senekal): Willem Pretorius Game Reserve (-AC), Volk 81-292b (M; PRE). 2927 (Maseru): Ladybrand, 10 km S (-AB), J. M. Perold 35 (PRE).
FIG. 4. — Map showing distribution of R. sarcosa.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Dr. habil. T. Borne- feld, Am Reele 1, D-8706 Hochberg, Wurzburg, Germany, for the chromosome counts and figures.
UITTREKSEL
Riccia sarcosa Volk & Perold, ’n nuwe spesie ende- mies in suidelike Afrika, word beskryf. Hierdie spesie behoort tot die seksie Pilifer Volk (1983), wat nou 8 spesies behels en wat gekenmerk word deur ’n dorsale epiteel wat uit los selpilare bestaan. R. sarcosa word erken aan die wit rande van die tallus, aan die onop- vallende deurskynende skubbe wat nie by die tallus- rand verbysteek nie en aan die ornamentasie van die spore wat uit ronde diep ingesonke areole of putjies bestaan.
REFERENCES
BORNEFELD, T. 1984. Chromosomenanalyse der Gattung Ric- cia von Slid- und SW-Afrika und allgemeine Bemerkungen zur Zytogenetik der Lebermoose. Nova Hedwigia 40: 313-328.
VOLK, O. H. 1981. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Lebermoose (He- paticae) aus Siidwest-Afrika (Namibia), II. Riccia alboves- tita. Mitt. bot. StSamml., Munch. 17: 245-252.
VOLK, O. H. 1983. Vorschlag fur eine Neugliederung der Gat- tung Riccia L. Mitt. bot. StSamml., MiXnch. 19: 453-465. VOLK, O. H. 1984. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Marchantiales aus Siidwest-Afrika, Namibia IV. Zur Biologie einiger Hepati- cae mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Gattung Riccia. Nova Hedwigia 39: 117-143.
VOLK, O. H. & PEROLD, S. M. 1984. Studies in the liverwort genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from the south-west Cape. Bothalia 15: 117-124.
VOLK, O. H. & PEROLD, S. M. 1985. Studies in the genus Ric- cia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 1. Two new species of the section Pilifer: R. duthieae and R. alatos- pora. Bothalia 15: 531-539.
Bothalia 16,1: 29-33 (1986)
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 3. R. schelpei, a new species, in the new subgenus Chartacea
O. H. VOLK* and S. M. PEROLD**
Keywords: air-pores, dorsal epidermis, Riccia, subgenus Chartacea
ABSTRACT
Riccia schelpei Volk & Perold, sp. nov., endemic to the western Cape, is described. It is characterized by the parchment-like epidermis of the thallus, thick-walled hyaline epidermal cells and by dorsal air-pores encircled by a raised ring of smaller thin-walled cells. This species is the type of the new monotypic subgenus Chartacea Perold.
Chartacea Perold, subgen. nov. Ricciae L.
Textura thalli chartacea, inde nomen; epidermis indurata cellulis hyalinis parietibus incrassatis; pori aerii (stomata) annulo cellularum superpositarum parietibus tenuibus circumcincti.
TYPE. — Riccia schelpei Volk & Perold
Thallus dorsally with papery texture; epidermis parchment-like with thick-walled hyaline cells; air- pores surrounded by a ring of thin-walled superim- posed cells.
Riccia schelpei Volk & Perold, sp. nov. Thallus monoicus (?), mediocris ad magnus; lobi ad 12 mm longi, 1,5-2 mm crassi, oblongo-ligulati; superficies dorsalis in sicco pallido-flavescens, chartacea, pro- funde sulcata, apice emarginato, marginibus late ala- tis. Frons in sectione transversali: chlorenchyma cav- ernulis aeriis latis polyedricis. Epidermis unistratosa, cellulis hyalinis parietibus incrassatis, poris aeriis an- nulo cellularum parvarum superpositarum parietibus tenuibus circumcinctis. Squamae inconspicuae, mar- ginem frondis non superantes. Sporangia in sulco ag- glomerata. Sporae 95-105 p diametro, triangulo- globulares, polares, rubello-bruneae, alatae, reti- culo-foveolatae, 10-12 foveolis in diametro, plerum- que granulosae. Chromosomatum numerus n = 8 (Bornefeld, 1984).
TYPE. — Cape, 2917 (Springbok): Hester Malan Res. Carolusberg (W), seepage area (-DB), 1977.09.14 Schelpe 7775 (BOL; PRE) associated with Bryum radiculosum Brid., B. argenteum Hedw., Chamaebryum pottioides Ther. & Dix., Ric- cia parvo-areolata Volk & Perold, Crassula spp. and Cyanophyceae. On decomposed granitic soil, pH 7.
Thallus monoecious (?), perennial, in gregarious patches or single and scattered, medium-sized to large, lobes up to 12 mm long, simple or irregularly furcate, branches widely divergent, oblong-ligulate, winged, 1,5-2 mm thick, 2-3 times broader than thick, when dry 3^4 mm broad, dorsal surface yellow and parchment-like, only apical sides inflexed (Fig. 1.1a & lb), opposing each other and sometimes clasped together, otherwise wings of thalli expanded
* Botanische Anstalten d. Univ. Wurzburg D 8700, Germany, B.R.D.
** Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture & Water Supply, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, RSA.
and irregularly undulate; when turgid, up to 6 mm broad, dorsal surface green, somewhat greasy, re- ticulate with many scattered areolae, formed by faintly visible outlines of air-chambers, each with a single air-pore (Fig. 2.2); apex rounded, emarginate, sulcus deep towards apex, sides convex and sloping steeply; proximally groove shallow and wide (Figs 1.2; 2.1). Thallus branches in transverse section with deeply grooved surface on apical sections (Fig. 1.3a), on more proximal sections with wide shallow channel (Figs 1.3b; 2.5); margins of wings acute (Figs 1.3a & 3b; 1.7), attenuate and undulating, flanks sloping steeply up and outwards, occasionally flecked with purple near base; ventrally thickened, slightly rounded, greenish, with numerous smooth and some tuberculate rhizoids, laterally abruptly forming a wing which is without rhizoids (Fig. 1.3a & 3b); assimilation tissue (chlorenchyma) the thickness of section, about 600-850 (-1 000) pm thick, with polyhedral air-chambers up to 150 pm wide (Figs 1.4; 2.6), in larger plants 25-30 chambers across width of thallus, sloping very obliquely at bases, gradually curving upwards and becoming al- most vertical towards surface, where each one opens via a small pore; each air-chamber enclosed by 6-8 chlorophyllose lamellae or plate^, 1 cell thick, cells isodiametric, about 55 pm wide; storage tissue^-, the thickness of section 300-500 pm thick, cells roundish, up to 70 pm wide, without starch, but rich in oil.
Epidermis unistratose, thick-walled, except for ventral rhizoid-bearing part; dorsal cells variously shaped, polygonal, with rounded corners (Fig. 1.5), 35-70 pm long, 30-50 pm wide and 10-40 pm high; air-chambers roofed over by 5-8 thick-walled epi- dermal cells centred around air-pores, each pore en- circled by a slightly raised ring of 5-7 fragile, smaller cells 15-20 pm wide (Figs 1.5; 2.3), overlying and overlapping thick-walled epidermal cells, thus re- ducing diameters of pores to 5-20 pm; the pores re- semble those of Oxymitra; distances between pores 80-140 pm; some of the epidermis cells bear unicel- lular club-shaped ‘slime’ papillae (Fig. 2.4), 40 x 20 pm, very thin-walled and easily destroyed, especially numerous around archegonia (Fig. 1.11 & 1.12); on transverse section of wing (Fig. 1.7), both dorsal and ventral cells thick-walled, but epidermal cells on dorsal surface of wings with irregularly thickened walls (Fig. 1.6), and on ventral surface of wings cells
30
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
FIG. 1. — Riccia schelpei (S. M. Perold 535, PRE). Structure of the thallus, scales and chromosomes. 1, dry thalli: a, with several ripe sporangia; b, shrunken, sterile thallus; 2, fresh thallus; 3, branch of thallus in transverse section: a, during transition to resting phase, emptied cells in wing shaded, near apex deeply grooved; b, showing thick-walled epidermis, assimilation and storage tissue, proximally with shallow groove; 4, transverse section enlarged, showing epidermal cells, pores, air-chambers and chlorophyllose lamellae; 5, dorsal epidermis from above: pores (black) encircled by a ring of fragile cells overlying thick- walled epidermis cells; 6, epidermis on margin of wing, from above; 7, transverse section of wing: walls of dorsal and ventral epidermis thick-walled, but different in shape; 8, ventral epidermis at wings, cells thick-walled; 9, scale; 10, transverse sec- tion of bistratose base of scale; 11, longitudinal section of thallus through gametangia, ‘slime' papillae and wing; 12, mouths of archegonia in deep depressions, from above, surrounded by ‘slime’ papillae; 13, chromosomes. (1-12, by O. H. Volk; 13, by T. Bornefeld). Scale bar 1, 2, 3 = 2 mm; 4, 5, 8, 10, 12 = 50 pm; 6, 7 = 100 pm; 9 = 500 pm; 11 = 1 mm; 13 = 1 pm.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
31
uniformly thick-walled, rectangular (Fig. 1.8), up to 60 pm long, without air-pores or rhizoids. Scales im- bricate, 300-500 pm broad and up to 1 500 pm long (Fig. 1.9), flush with and not projecting above thal- lus margin (Fig. 2.1), edge nearly smooth, hyaline, some scattered cells near base purple, cells oblong, 5-6-sided, 110 pm long and 50 pm wide, cell walls straight, at margins cells smaller, about 40 x 30 pm; in cross section cells bulging and base bistratose (Fig. 1.10). Gametangia in transient but well-defined groups along dorsal groove (Fig. 1.11); epidermis less complex here, but with large numbers of the fragile, blunt, ‘slime’ papillae; antheridia with short,
hyaline ostioles; archegonia opening in deep cup- like depressions, surrounded by papillate cells (Fig. 1.12); subsequently, as the spores develop, the necks protrude up to about 200 pm, with bases purple- brown and tips hyaline, thin, almost thread-like. Sporangia crowded together or scattered along groove, bulging dorsally, containing 600-800 spores (over 1 000 in capsules of large plants) enclosed in red-brown sac, which later disintegrates. Spores (90— )95— 105(— 1 15) pm in diameter, triangular-globu- lar, polar, reddish or yellowish brown when young, darkening to mahogany brown, opaque; wing 7,5 pm wide, margin crenulate and somewhat eroded, pore
FIG. 2. — Riccia schelpei (E. G. H. Oliver 8041, PRE). Thallus, epidermal pores and air-chambers. 1, thallus near apex, showing scales; 2, air-pores on part of dorsal surface with margin and scales in foreground; 3, air-pore with 5 surrounding cells; 4, epidermis, air-pores, ‘slime' papillae; 5, transverse section of thallus branch; 6, transverse section of air-chambers. (SEM micrographs by S. M. Perold). Scale bar on 1, 2, 5, 6 = 100 pm; on 3, 4 = 50 pm.
32
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
FIG. 3. — Riccia schelpei ( E . A. Schelpe 7775, BOL). Spores. 1, proximal face; 2, apex; 3, viewed from side; 4, marginal pore and margin; 5, 6, distal face. (1-5, SEM micrographs; and 6, LM (light microscope) photographs, by S. M. Perold). Scale bar on 1-5 = 50 pm; diameter of spore on 6, ca 100 pm.
at each marginal angle 5-7,5 jam across (Fig. 3.4), distal face convex, reticulate-foveolate, with 9-10(-12) deep cup-like areolae across diameter of spore (Fig. 3.5, 3.6), each areola 10-12,5 pm wide, becoming somewhat smaller near margin, high ridges surrounding areolae and raised at nodes usu- ally heavily encrusted with granules and papillae, but occasionally smoother; proximal face with apex blunt and sometimes acute, triradiate mark present, but partly obscured by granules, each facet with 15-20 small shallow areolae, surrounding ridges granulose (Fig. 3. 1-3.3). Chromosome number n = 8 (Bornefeld 1984); the letters A-E (Fig. 1.13) iden- tify the chromosomes according to Bornefeld (1984) .
Under adverse conditions, the thalli become shrunken and transformed to dormant bulbils, as the peripheral cells lose their contents and form a pro- tective covering (Fig. 1.1b). As with other Riccia species, the walls of the epidermal cells, of the empty cells and of the rhizoids, are stained a deep blue when treated with dilute Toluidine Blue N, whereas all other cell walls are reddish violet (Volk 1984).
R. schelpei is endemic to the western Cape, which is a winter rainfall region. It grows at seepages or on rocky outcrops, fully exposed to the sun, on acid to neutral (pH 5. 0-7.0), well-drained soils, composed
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
33
of finely or coarsely decomposed granite, rich in dust. It may be associated with lichens, several small Crassula species, other Riccia species and with small mosses like Archidium and Bryum. R. schelpei has been named in honour of the late Prof. E. A. Schelpe, former curator of Bolus Herbarium, Uni- versity of Cape Town, who collected the type speci- men. Fig. 4.
FIG. 4. — Map showing distribution of R. schelpei.
The parchment-like, and somewhat greasy epider- mis, the air-pores with a ring of fragile cells superim- posed over thick-walled, hyaline, epidermal cells, as well as the gametangia in well-defined stands, bear a resemblance to other genera of the Marchantiales e.g. Oxymitracea. These characters have necessi- tated placing R. schelpei in the new subgenus Char- tacea, setting it apart from other members of the re- lated subgenus Spongodes.
In addition to the type locality, collections were made at the following sites:
CAPE. — 3018 (Kamiesberg): Plateau N of Leliefontein to- wards Draaiklip (-AC), Oliver 8041 (PRE); 3218 (Clanwilliam): N of Citrusdal, above Olifants River (-BD), S.M. Perold 535 (PRE).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful to the late Prof. E. A. Schelpe for the loan of his specimen from BOL and Dr habil. T Bornefeld, Am Reele I, D-8706 Hochberg, Wurzburg, Germany, for the chromo- some counts and figures. Sincere thanks are also due to Mr E. G. H. Oliver, Stellenbosch, for collecting and kindly sending us the specimen from Kamies- berg.
UITTREKSEL
Riccia schelpei Volk & Perold, sp. nov., endemies tot die Wes-Kaap, word beskryf. Die spesie word ge- kenmerk deur die perkamentagtige dorsale oppervlak van die tallus, verdikte selwande van die dorsale epi- dermisselle, en deur dorsale poriee wat omring is deur ’n opgehewe kring van kleiner, dunwandige selle. Hierdie spesie is die tipe van die nuwe monotipiese subgenus Chartacea Perold.
REFERENCES
BORNEFELD, T. 1984. Chromosomenanalyse der Gattung Ric- cia von Slid- und SW-Afrika und allgemeine Bemerkungen zur Zytogenetik der Lebermoose. Nova Hedwigia 40: 313-328.
VOLK, O. H. 1983. Vorschlag fur eine Neugliederung der Gat- tung Riccia L. Min. bot. StSamml., Munch. 19: 453-465. VOLK, O. FI. 1984. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Marchantiales aus Siidwest-Afrika, Namibia IV. Zur Biologie einiger Hepati- cae mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Gattung Riccia. Nova Hedwigia 39: 117-143.
VOLK, O. H. & PEROLD, S. M. 1984. Studies in the liverwort genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from the south-west Cape. Bothalia 15: 117-124.
Bothalia 16,1: 35-38 (1986)
The identity of Erica vinacea and notes on hybridization in Erica
E. G. H. OLIVER*
Keywords: Erica fastigiata, E. fervida, E. x vinacea, hybridization in Erica
ABSTRACT
The rediscovery of Erica vinacea L. Bol. among sympatric populations of two other species led to a comparison of their morphological characters. Results of this study indicate a putative hybrid origin: E. x vinacea L. Bol. = E. fastigiata L. x E. fervida L. Bol.
Recently Mr A. W. Schumann of Cape Town dis- covered E. vinacea L. Bol. north-west of Platberg in the Kogelberg Reserve. In this locality, which falls in the area indicated on the type specimen, E. vinacea was found growing as scattered plants throughout a large marsh dominated by the restiad, Chondropeta- lum mucronatum (Nees) Pillans. In the same marsh there occurred numerous plants of E. fastigiata L. and groups of E. fervida L. Bol. It was immediately suspected that the scattered plants were hybrids be- tween the two more common species.
E. fastigiata is a common species in the area from the Hottentot’s Holland Mountains to Hermanus where it can be sometimes abundant on moister slopes and in seepage zones. It is a highly variable species and has several closely allied species such as E. walkeria Andr., E. daphniflora, E. hendricksei H. A. Baker and E. turrisbabylonica H. A. Baker, none of which, however, occurs within the Kogel- berg Reserve. E. fastigiata can easily be recognized by its very large spreading corolla lobes which are usually white to pale pink, the outside colour of the flowers being deep red. In the centre of each flower (see Fig. 1.1a) there is a darker area of red or green which acts as a nectar guide. The long foliage-like bract, bracteoles and sepals, together with the crowded imbricate leaves, hide most of the flower from view. The flowers are typically arranged in groups of four at the ends of the branches. In the area surrounding Platberg most of the collections of this species exhibit corolla tubes which are very slightly and finely hairy whereas elsewhere they are mostly glabrous.
E. fervida is a remarkable species closely allied to that rare and endangered species, E. pillansii H. Bol. Both have vivid scarlet, noticeably puberulous flowers and are endemic in the Kogelberg Reserve. The flowers are borne at the ends of very short lat- eral branchlets (brachyblasts) which are crowded along the main branches. E. pillansii has, however, much larger flowers and flowers in May/June, whereas E. fervida flowers in October/November.
E. vinacea has dark pinkish red flowers with small spreading lobes which have a slightly paler upper surface. The flowers are borne at the ends of short
* Botanical Research Unit, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, P.O. Box 471, Stellenbosch 7600.
lateral branchlets (dolichoblasts) which are more loosely crowded towards the ends of the branches than in E. fervida.
A comparison of the main distinguishing charac- ters of the three taxa is given in Table 1. From this table it can be seen that the main differences lie in the degree of hairiness of nearly all the organs, the inflorescence arrangement, flower shape and details of the anther and ovary. In most cases the characters of E. vinacea are intermediate between those of E. fastigiata and those of E. fervida and tend towards either one or the other.
The occurrence of scattered plants of E. vinacea amongst numerous plants of the other two species in the locality north-west of Platberg indicates that the plants are chance first generation crosses that have not become reproductively established. The plants of the putative hybrid appeared to be of the same age as those of the other two species and are thought to have grown up soon after the last fire in the area about 40 years ago. All three species are single- stemmed and must regenerate from seed after a fire. It was not possible to revisit the locality to check on seed-set and seed fertility.
Two other isolated populations of E. vinacea growing together with E. fastigiata and E. fervida have been reported (A. W. Schumann pers. comm.).
The pollen of the collection Oliver 8611 is typical of the genus Erica, namely in tetrads, and did not show any abnormalities. The few species of Erica which have so far been investigated all have n=12 with extremely small chromosomes. A thorough in- vestigation of the cytology of the three taxa may re- veal some additional evidence on their relationships.
The facts as discussed above and set out in Table 1 indicate a putative hybrid origin of E. vinacea L. Bol. (E. x vinacea L. Bol. = E. fastigiata L. x E. fervida L. Bol.).
HYBRIDIZATION IN ERICA
The hybrid origin of E. x vinacea poses an in- triguing question as to how such crosses took place. In a paper on pollination syndromes of Erica species in the south-western Cape (Rebelo et al. 1985), E. fervida is classified as being ornithophilous. involv- ing species of sunbirds (Nectariniidae). E. fastigiata on the other hand is classified as being rhinomyio-
36
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
FIG. 1. — A, Erica fasligiata, B, Erica x vinacea and C, Erica fervida: 1, flower, X 6; la, flower from above, X 6; 2, bracteole and bract, x 12; 3, sepal, x 12; 4, anther, front, side and back views, x 25; 5, ovary and diagrammatic longitudinal section of upper half of ovary, x 12; 6, leaf, x 12. Drawn from Oliver 8609, 8611 & 8610 (STE) respectively.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
37
TABLE 1. — Comparison of morphological characters of E. fastigiata, E. X vinacea and E. fervida
|
E. fastigiata |
E. X vinacea |
E. fervida |
|
|
Branches |
Sparsely pubescent |
Shortly pubescent |
Pubescent |
|
Leaves |
4-nate Erect imbricate Glabrous, ciliate with very short hairs and sessile glands |
4-nate Erect Sparsely strigulose and ciliate |
4-nate Erect spreading Sparsely pubescent and ciliate |
|
Flowers |
3 -4-nate at ends of main branches and occasionally short dolichoblasts |
(l)-3-(6)-nate at ends of short dolichoblasts somewhat crowded towards ends of branches |
( 1 ) — 3 — (4)-nate at ends of brachyblasts crowded along branches into congested synflorescences |
|
Pedicels |
Length ratio to corolla, 2:11 Glabrous to subglabrous |
Length ratio to corolla, 3:7 Finely puberulous |
Length ratio to corolla, 1:2 Distinctly puberulous |
|
Bracts/ |
Large and foliar |
Small and scarious |
Small and scarious |
|
bracteoles |
Approximate 3/4 to as long as calyx Glabrous to subglabrous |
Median Reaching base of calyx or slightly longer Finely puberulous |
Median Not reaching calyx Puberulous |
|
Calyx |
\ to equal to corolla tube Elongate elliptic Carinate sulcate Naviculate Totally green or tinged red |
13 — V2 as long as corolla tube Ovate attenuate Slightly carinate sulcate Slightly naviculate Totally green or tinged red |
V4 as long as corolla tube Broadly ovate acute Very slightly sulcate Flat Totally scarlet |
|
Corolla |
Tube tubular-conical, dark red, glabrous to very minutely puberulous Lobes large, stellately spreading, distinctly & densely papillate, pale pink to white above with distinct nectar guides |
Tube conical, dark pinkish red, minutely puberulous Lobes small partially spreading, minutely papillate, paler pink above with no guides |
Tube tubular-campanulate, bright scarlet, puberulous Lobes small erect, glabrous, scarlet |
|
Anthers |
Thecae broadly elliptic Minute dorsal awns Pores as long as thecae |
Thecae oblong Distinct subbasal awns Pores V3 as long as thecae |
Thecae oblong, subprognathous Distinct subbasal partially decurrent awns Pores V2 as long as thecae |
|
Ovary |
Turbinate, stipitate Very slightly emarginate Glabrous |
Obovoid, subsessile Emarginate Puberulous |
Subcylindric, sessile Deeply emarginate Villous |
philous, a term coined to describe the most discrete insect-pollination syndrome in Erica where pollina- tion is performed by hovering dipterans with very long proboscises. In the latter situation the opening to the corolla tube is extremely small and the nectar guides are very prominent. It would seem then that there are two very different pollinating agents for the two parent species. This problem needs investi- gation in the field.
This is not the first time that hybridization has been recorded for Erica. Oliver (1977) considered E. x flavisepala Guth. & Bol. to be a putative hy- brid between the very unlikely parent species E. thunbergii Montin and E. spaerocephala Wendl. (Oliver 1977). Salter (1950) mentions the following hybrids occurring between some 28 species of Erica on the Cape Peninsula, one of which is described and documented as E. x fontensis Salter (Salter 1935):
E. fontana Salter x E. capensis Salter E. fontana Salter x E. laeta Bartl.
E. eburnea Salter x E. laeta Bartl.
E. capensis Salter X E. laeta Bartl.
E. heleogena Salter x E. laeta Bartl.
E. hirtiflora Curt, x E. heleogena Salter E. hirtiflora Curt. X E. mauritanica L.
E. hirtiflora Curt. X E. pyxidiflora Salisb.
E. mauritanica L. x E. baccans L.
E. phylicifolia Salisb. x E. nudiflora L.
E. curvirostris Salisb. X E. nudiflora L.
E. pulchella Houtt. x E. nudiflora L.
E. lutea Berg, x E. corifolia L.
E. gnaphaloides L. X E. palliiflora Salisb.
Specimens examined:
Erica fastigiata
CAPE PROVINCE.— 3418: Kogelberg (-BB), Compton 16454 (NBG; STE); Buffelskloof (-BD), Barker 8033 (NBG; STE); Platberg (-BD), Boucher 183 (STE); 877 (STE); 2653 (STE); road to Platbos (-BB), flaynes 696 (STE); Wynand Louwsbos (-BD), Lamb 124 (STE); Buffelstalberg (-BD), Oliver sub STE 30052 (STE); neck NW of Platberg towards Buffelstal- berg (-BD), Oliver 8609 (STE); Platbos (-BD), Stehle 254 (STE); Platberg (-BD), Thompson 495 (STE).
Erica fervida
CAPE PROVINCE. — 3418: Kogelberg Reserve, neck NW of Platberg towards Buffelstalberg (-BD), Oliver 8610 (BM; E; K; MO; P; PRE; S; STE).
Erica x vinacea
CAPE PROVINCE. — 3418: Kogelberg Reserve, neck NW of Platberg towards Buffelstalberg (-BD), Oliver 8611 (BM; E; K; MO; P; PRE; S; STE); between Platteberg and Kogelberg (-BB/BD), Stokoe sub BOL 17599 (BOL, holo.).
38
BothaKa 16,1 (1986)
UITTREKSEL
Die herontdekking van Erica vinacea L. Bol. in simpatriese populasies van twee ander soorte het aan- leiding gegee tot ’n vergelyking van hul morfologiese eienskappe. Die resultate van die ondersoek dui op 'n vermeende hibridiese oorsprong: E. x vinacea L. Bol. = E. fastigiata L xE, fervida L. Bol.
REFERENCES
BOLUS, H. M. L. 1928. Novitates Africanae. Ann. Bol. Herb. 4: 135-136.
OLIVER, E. G. H. 1977. The identity of Erica flavisepala. Bo- thalia 12: 195-197.
REBELO, A. G., SIEGFRIED, W. R. & OLIVER, E. G. H. 1985. Pollination syndromes of Erica species in the south- western Cape. S. Afr. J. Bot. 51: 270-280.
SALTER, T. M. 1935. Erica x fontensis in Plantae Novae Afri- canae. Jl S. Afr. Bot. 1: 82-86.
SALTER, T. M. 1950. In R. S. Adamson & T. M. Salter, Flora of the Cape Peninsula, 633-657. Cape Town: Juta.
Bothalia 16,1: 39-64 (1986)
Notes on African plants
VARIOUS AUTHORS
ACANTHACEAE
NOTES ON SOUTHERN AFRICAN SPECIES OF JUSTICIA L.
As the result of a revision of Justicia L. in south- ern Africa, to be published in the Flora of southern Africa (FSA), the number of species represented in the area has been reduced from 30-40 [Dyer, R. A., Genera 1: 598 (1975)] to 22 with six subspecies. One species and one subspecies are new and are here de- scribed. A list of name changes of the species in the area is given, with an abridged synonomy containing only basionyms and names until recently considered to be those of distinct species. A full synonomy will be given in the FSA. Changes in rank are also given.
Justicia parvibracteata Immelman, sp. nov., J. protractae (Nees) T. Anders, subsp. rhodesianae (S. Moore) Immelman affinis, sed planta minor, brac- teis reductis, triangularibus differt.
Suffrutex vel herba perennis, 0,12-0,5 m alta, om- nino subtiliter et dense puberula. Folia 4-25 x 1-10 mm, anguste vel late lanceolata, apice late acuto vel obtuso, basi cuneata, margine interdum glanduloso, petioli graciles, 0-6 mm longi. Inflorescentia 1 (-2) floribus in cyma. Bractea bracteolaeque reductae, subulatae vel triangulares, c. 2 x 1 mm. Calyx lobis 5, subaequalibus, anguste lanceolatis. Corolla (tubus et labium superum) (4-) 5-8 mm longa, alba, lineis testaceis in palato. Capsula quadriseminalis, usque ad 8 mm longa, delicatula, subtiliter puberula. Pol- len bicolporatum, sexinio fasciato.
TYPE. — Cape Province, 2722 (Olifantshoek): in Toto Mountains, kloof, in rock crevices and under shrubs (-DD), Tolken & Schlieben 1176 (PRE, holo.!).
Shrublet or perennial herb, 0,12-0,5 m high, all parts minutely and densely puberulous. Leaves 4-25 x 1-10 mm, sometimes glandular on margins, nar- rowly to broadly lanceolate, apex broadly acute to obtuse, base cuneate; petiole slender, 0-6 mm long. Inflorescence of 1 (-2) flowers per cyme, sessile, scattered in leaf axils. Bract and bracteoles reduced, subulate to triangular, c. 2 x 1 mm. Calyx of 5 sub- equal, narrowly lanceolate lobes. Corolla (tube and upper lip) (4) 5-8 mm long, white with dark red lines on palate. Capsule 4-seeded, cylindrical, with a stipe, puberulous, delicate, up to 8 mm long. Pollen 2-colporate, with sexine in areoles on either side of the colpus.
Endemic to the Northern Cape, where J. protracta does not occur.
Justicia orchioides L.f. subsp. glabrata Immel- man, subsp. nov. a subspecie typica omnibus parti- bus sine pilis longis rectis albo-opacis differt.
Fruticulus lignosus, 0,14—0,6 m altus; caules crassi, nodosi, interdum spinescentes, partes omnes
glabratae vel pilis brevibus vel papillis crassis pyra- midalibus, sine pilis candidis ut in subsp. orchioide; cortex cinereus, rimosus sulcatus; rami juvenes sub- herbacei. Folia ovata vel lanceolata, sessilia, 3,5-13 x 1,5-7 mm, apice obtusa vel acuta, basi cuneata, coriacea; costa prominens sed nervi laterales obscuri. Inflorescentia cymarum remotarum, una- quaeque ad florem solitarium pedunculatum axilla- rem reducta. Pedunculi et pedicelli validi, 1-10 mm longi. Bractea nulla. Bracteolae duae, triangulares, 1-2 mm longae, basi pedunculum transverse junc- tae. Corolla (tubus et labium superum) 7-10 mm longa, lactea striis testaceis palato. Capsula unisemi- nalis, glabrata, dura, usque ad 17 mm longa. Pollen bicolporatum, sexinium fasciatum.
TYPE. — Cape Province, 3326 (Grahamstown): between Piggots Bridge and Hounslow, 400 m, road- side on dry clay soil (-AB), A. Jacot Guillarmod 6902 (PRE, holo.!; GRA!).
Woody shrublet, 0,14-0,6 m high; stems thick, gnarled, may become spiny; all parts glabrous or with short hairs or with stout pyramidal papillae, without white-opaque hairs as in subsp. orchioides; bark grey, cracked and furrowed; young branches subherbaceous. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, sessile, 3,5-13 x 1,5-7 mm, apex obtuse to acute, base cu- neate, leathery; midrib prominent but side veins not visible. Inflorescence of scattered cymes, each re- duced to a single pedunculate flower. Peduncles and pedicels stout, 1-10 mm long. Bract absent. Brac- teoles 2, triangular, 1-2 mm long, joined at base across peduncle. Corolla (tube and upper lip) 7-10 mm long, cream with red striping on palate. Capsule
1- seeded, glabrous, hard, up to 17 mm long. Pollen
2- colporate, sexine banded on either side of the colpi.
Very like the typical subspecies except for the lack of the characteristic long stiff white-opaque hairs. The typical subspecies is furthermore confined to the area around Port Elizabeth, whereas subsp. glabrata is widespread in the eastern half of the Karoo and the southern Cape.
The type of subsp. orchioides is a Thunberg speci- men at UPS. Although I have seen it only on a microfiche, which does not show fine detail, and do not know precisely where it was collected, informa- tion on the hairs received from UPS indicates that at least the right hand plant on the sheet belongs with the Port Elizabeth subspecies. I have therefore pro- vided a name and a description for the more wide- spread subspecies for which no existing name was found.
J. orchioides and J. cuneata have often been con- fused, both in the literature and in herbaria, and the
40
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
characters used to distinguish them in the Flora Ca- pensis key are not reliable. The two species are nevertheless quite distinct, with J. cuneata having hooded flowers longer than 10 mm and the sexine of the pollen areolate, while in/, orchioides the flowers are 10 mm or shorter, not hooded, and the sexine of the pollen forms a raised band along the smooth area on either side of each colpus.
Justicia betonica L., Sp. PI. 15 (1753). Type: Ceylon [Sri Lanka], Hermann vol. 3, fol. 2 (BM; photo at PRE!).
/. trinervia Vahl, Enum. 1: 156 (1804). Type: E India, Rottler s.n. (C).
Adhatoda variegata var. pallidior Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 385 (1847). Justicia pallidior (Nees) C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 58 (1912). Type: Transvaal, Apies River, Burke 514 (K!).
A. cheiranthifolia Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 387 (1847). Justicia cheiranthifolia (Nees) C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 58 (1912). Type: Transvaal, Magaliesberg, Burke s.n. (K!).
Justicia betonicoides C.B. Cl. in FI. Trop. Afr. 5: 184 (1900), in FI. Cap. 5,1: 58 (1912). Syntypes: Sudan, Jur, Jur Ghattas, Schweinfurth 1423; Gabon, Bongo, Schweinfurth 2543; French Equatorial Africa, Mittu (Mittou), Schweinfurth 2793; Kenya, along Gilgil River, north of Lake Naivashu, 6-7000 ft, Scott-Elliot 6647; Tanzania, Tanganyika Plateau, at Fort Hill, 3500-4000 ft, Whyte s.n.
Justicia petiolaris (Nees) T. Anders, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 39 (1864). Adhatoda petiolaris Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 402 (1847). Syntypes: Natal, Um- zimvubu River, wooded rocky shaded valley and ra- vine by river, below 1000 ft, Drege s.n. (K!; P!); Na- tal, Umgeni, on hills, 200 ft, Drege s.n. (P!).
(a) , subsp. petiolaris.
(b) . subsp. bowiei (C. B. Cl.) Immelman, stat.
nov.
J. bowiei C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 59 (1912). Syntypes: Cape Province, near Kei Mouth, in woods, 300 ft, Flanagan 882 (BOL!; GRA!; PRE; SAM!); Cape Province, moist situations in George, Uitenhage and Albany Divisions, Bowie s.n. (K!) ; no locality, Guthrie 4711 (BOL!).
J. mutica C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 61 (1912). Type: Cape Prov- ince, wooded situations in Uitenhage and Albany Districts, Bowie s.n. (K!).
(c) . subsp. incerta (C.B. Cl.) Immelman, stat.
nov.
J. incerta C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 66 (1912). Type: Transvaal, bushveld between Elandsrivier and Klippan, Rehmann 5058.
The distribution of the subspecies is unusual: it is found in N Natal and in the Nylstroom-Thabazimbi- Rustenburg area, with a single record from the cen- tral Kruger National Park.
Justicia protracta (Nees) T. Anders, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 41 (1864). Syntypes: Cape Province, between shrubs in field by Zwartkops River, Ecklon 456 (BOL!; MEL!); Cape Province, Bosmans River Mountains, Ecklon s.n. ; near Grahamstown, Ecklon s.n. (S!); between Great Fish River and Ceded Ter- ritory, Ecklon s.n. (PRE!; S!).
Gendarussa protracta Nees in Linnaea 15: 371 (1841), partim excl. syn. Thunb.
(a), subsp. protracta.
J. kraussii C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 62 (1912). Syntypes: Natal, between Mlazi River and Durban Bay, Krauss 61 (BM!; K!); Na- tal, Inanda, Wood 423; Natal, Zulu land, Gerrard 1272 (BM! ; K!).
J. kraussii var. florida C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 62 (1912). Type: Natal, Inanda, Wood 566 (BM!).
/. pulegioides C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 62 (1912) partim excl. syn. Chaetacanthus persooni Nees. Syntypes: Cape Province, Uit- enhage, Ecklon & Zeyher 436; Cape, Komadagga, Burchell 3300 (G-DC!); Cape Province, Komgha, Flanagan 725 (NH!; GRA!; PRE!; SAM!); Natal, Durban Flats, Wood in Herb. Norm. Aust.- Afr. 1019 (BOL!; PRE!; SAM!); Natal, Inanda, Wood 718 (PRE!; NH!), Wood 309; Natal, Durban Bay, Krauss 304; Natal, Pondoland, between St Johns River and Umsikaba River, Drege s.n. ; Transvaal, Houtbosch Rand, Schlechter 3324; without locali- ties, Peddie s.n., Sanderson 433, Grant s.n.
J. woodii C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 64 (1912). Type: Natal, Noodsberg, Wood 112 (K!).
Probably the most common of the southern Afri- can species, J. protracta subsp. protracta is found in the eastern half of the country as far south as Port Elizabeth. In the northern Transvaal as well as in SWA/Namibia and Botswana it is largely replaced by subsp. rhodesiana, though the transition is grad- ual. The great range in pubescence and leaf size and shape has led to the description of numerous species and subspecies, but examination of a larger number of specimens shows that these form a continuous range rather than discrete entities.
(b). subsp. rhodesiana (S. Moore) Immelman, stat. nov.
J. rhodesiana S. Moore in J. Bot., Lond. 51: 188 (1913). Syn- types: Botswana, Mahalapye, Rogers 6069 (BOL!; SAM); Zim- babwe, Bulawayo, Rogers 5740 (BOL!; SAM!).
Differs from the typical subspecies in having all parts puberulous rather than pilose. The distribution is also more northerly, as it occurs in SWA/Namibia, Botswana and the northern Transvaal, while subsp. protracta is found in the southern and eastern Trans- vaal, Natal and the eastern Cape. The transition, however, is not an abrupt one.
Justicia cuneata Vahl, Symb. bot. 2: 10 (1790-94), Enum. 1: 163 (1804). Type: Cap. bon. spei (Cape of Good Hope), Sparrman s.n. in herb. Dahl (C!).
(a) , subsp. cuneata.
(b) . subsp. latifolia (Nees) Immelman, comb, et stat. nov.
Gendarussa orchioides var. latifolia Nees in Linnaea 15: 369 (1841). Type: Cape Province, Kanaquasberg, Ecklon s.n. (BOL!); Cape, Clanwilliam, between Olifantsrivier and Brakfon- tein, Ecklon & Zeyher s.n. (S ! ; MEL!).
(c) . subsp. hoerleiniana (P. G. Mey.) Immel- man, stat. nov.
J. hoerleiniana P. G. Mey. in Mitt. bot. StSamml., Munch. 2: 300 (1957). Type: SWA/Namibia, Alicetal, Pomona (probably on the coastal plain in the Liideritz District), Dinter 6401 (BOL!; PRE!).
For the differences between J. cuneata and J. or- chioides, see under J. orchioides (above).
Subsp. cuneata occurs only around Port Elizabeth, and is glabrous, while subsp. latifolia is relatively widespread in Namaqualand and the western half of the Karoo, with one record from Port Elizabeth, and is densely and minutely puberulous on leaves and ca- lyx. Subsp. hoerleiniana is confined to a small area on the southern coast of SWA/Namibia, and is also
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
41
puberulous, but the hairs have very swollen, anvil- shaped heads instead of being pointed as in subsp. latifolia.
Justicia matammensis (Schweinf. ) Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 29: 130 (1875). Type: E Su- dan, Gallabat, Matamma (Metemma), Schweinfurth 130c (K!).
Adhatoda matammensis Schweinf. in Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 18: 674 (1868).
J. exigua S. Moore in J. Bot., Lond. 38: 204 (1900). Type: Zim- babwe, Bulawayo, Rand 389 (BM!).
Species insufficiently known or excluded
Justicia brycei C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 67 (1912). Type: Lesotho, near the summit of Macha- cha, 10,000 ft, Bryce s.n. (K!). The specimen be- longs to J. elegantula S. Moore, but this species does not occur further south than Zimbabwe. Also, no southern African species is known to grow at such high altitudes. Probably, as Jacot Guillarmod sug- gests in her Flora of Lesotho, the locality on the specimen is incorrect, and should possibly be Ma- cheke, Rhodesia (Zimbabwe).
Rhytiglossa rubicunda Hochst. in Flora (1845): 71 (1845); C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 67 (1912). Type: Cape Province, Tsitsikamma Forest, Krauss 1128 (K!). Placed tentatively in Justicia under ‘species in- sufficiently known’, but without formal transfer, by C.B. Clarke. Type not found, nor does the descrip- tion fit any Justicia species known from near that area.
Justicia pulegioides subsp. late-ovata C.B. Cl. in FI. Cap. 5,1: 62 (1912). Type: Cape Province, on the rocks of Zwartwater Poort, Burchell 3405 (K!), 3364 (K!). The specimens belong to Siphonoglossa tubu- losa (Nees) Benth. ex Lindau.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am grateful for the assistance of Dr H. P. Linder, then Liaison Officer at Kew, for sending me many photographs of types there, and to Mr Mikael Hendren at UPS who answered my queries about the hairs on the type of J. orchioides subsp. or- chioides. Dr H. Glen assisted with the Latin transla- tion, and Dr L. E. W. Codd with nomenclature and typification, especially in interpreting Nees van Esenbeck’s publication.
K. IMMELMAN
ADIANTACEAE
CHEILANTHES DELTOIDEA KUNZE IN THE WATERBERG, TRANSVAAL
In March 1980 N. H. G. Jacobsen discovered a tiny, bright green, gregarious fern in cracks and shal- low humus pockets on north-facing cliffs on the farm Leeuwpoort 573 KR, about 20 km north-west of Nylstroom, Grid no. 2428: (-CB) (Fig. 1). Samples were at first thought to be a dwarf form of Chei- lanthes viridis (Forssk.) Swartz var. viridis, but the different rhizome scales and filiform stipes raised doubts. Material secured and examined during two visits to the site is mounted on sheet numbers N. Ja- cobsen 5209 and W. Jacobsen 5500, at the National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE).
The plants grew on very roughly hollowed out cliffs on a highly ferruginous vesicular lava of the Waterberg System, obviously representing the iron- rich scoria of an andesitic lava flow. Such scoriae are usually locally limited. The total length of outcrop was about 200 m. The vegetation both at the foot and top of the cliffs consisted of grasses and herbs with tufts of Cheilanthes viridis var. glauca (Sim) Schelpe & N. C. Anthony in sheltered position and frequent, elongate and rather contracted plants of Cheilanthes hirta Swartz, especially on top of the cliffs. Occasional small shrubs of Diospyros lycioides Desf. and Ziziphus mucronata Willd. grew along the ridge.
On the whole the characteristics of the fern from the Waterberg agree with those of Cheilanthes del- toidea Kunze, a species known so far only from the arid and semi-arid regions of Namaqualand and southern SWA/Namibia. The rhachis is somewhat atypical as it is not always winged with green laminar tissue above the basal pinnae (N. C. Anthony 1984: 110). Also slightly deviating are the occasional fork- ing of the stipe about halfway up, allowing the devel- opment of two laminae on one common stipe, and the more widely spaced and narrower triangular pin- nules of the lowest pinnae, the latter resembling Sim’s var. laxa of the species (Sim 1915, PI. 105). Spores of Jacobsen 5209, however, were found to match those of typical C. deltoidea (N. C. Anthony pers. comm.).
The occurrence of this species outside its pre- viously recognized distribution range suggested vari-
42
ous possibilities. Spore dispersion from Namaqua- land or southern SWA/Namibia could possibly ac- count for the apparently completely isolated pre- sence in the Transvaal (Fig. 2).
In view of the harsh climatic conditions (north face, hot position on bare cliffs) of the Transvaal site it appears to be more likely that this population is a relict from a former, much drier period. Similar re- cently discovered occurrences in the Transvaal of some species thought so far to be confined to the western Cape or to SWA/Namibia, such as Chei- lanthes parviloba Swartz and C. marlothii (Hieron.) Schelpe (W. B. G. Jacobsen 1983; N. C. Anthony 1984) or C. contracta (Kunze) Mett. ex Kuhn (N. C. Anthony 1984) support this hypothesis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
N. H. G. Jacobsen thanks the Director of Nature
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
Conservation, Transvaal for permission to publish this paper.
REFERENCES
ANTHONY, N. C. 1984. A revision of the Southern African species of Cheilanthes Swartz and Pellaea Link (Pterida- ceae). Contr. Bolus Herb. 11: 1-293.
JACOBSEN, W. B. G. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa. Durban, Pretoria: Butterworths.
SIM, T. R. 1915. The ferns of South Africa , edn 2. Cambridge: University Press.
W. B. G. JACOBSEN* and N. H. G. JACOBSEN**
* P. O. Box 1178, White River 1240, South Africa.
** Division of Nature Conservation, Private Bag X209, Pretoria 0001.
FIG. 2. — Cheilanthes deltoidea in situ.
BRYACEAE (MUSCI)
A NEW SPECIES OF ANOMOBRYUM
Anomobryum drakensbergense Van Rooy, sp. nov., A. sharpii A.J. Shaw similis, sed costa percur- renti, capsula pyriformi breviori et endostomio seg- ments late perforatis differt. Plantae caespitosae fo- lds imbricatis, costa percurrenti; laminae cellulis su- perioribus brevi-rhomboidalibus vel lineari-rhom- boidalibus interdum vermicularibus, endostomium ciliis rudimentalibus.
TYPE. — Natal, 2929 (Underberg): Organ Pipes Pass (-AA), 7000-8000 ft., Esterhuysen 34594 (PRE, holo.; MO; BOL).
Plants small to medium-sized, caespitose, yellow- ish green to brownish above, yellow-brown to brown below; saxicolous to terricolous. Stems to 20 mm
tall, branching by forks or subperichaetial innova- tions, occasionally tomentose below, yellowish green or reddish brown to brown; in section round, central strand of thin-walled cells present, inner cor- tical cells in 2-4 rows, thin-walled, outer cortical cells in 1-2 rows, thin-walled to incrassate. Leaves ± equidistant, about equal in size or subperichaetial leaves larger, imbricate, frequently concave, erect when dry, erect-spreading when wet, shortly oblong- acute or ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (0,5-) 0,6-1 ,3 mm long; apex acute; margins plane or rarely re- curved, entire; border absent. Costa percurrent or occasionally mucronate, generally yellow, fre- quently reddish below; in section subround to round, lamina inserted ventrally, ventral surface
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
43
FIG. 3. - Anomobryum drakensbergense : 1, habit, x 2; 2, habit, x 5; 3, stem in cross section, x 175; 4 rhizoid, x 350; 5, leaves x 35- 6 part of leaf in cross section, x 350; 7, basal leaf cells, (left side), x 175; 8, upper laminal cells, x 350, 9, leaf apex showing upper laminal cells, x 175; 10, penchaetial leaf, x 35; 11, capsule, X 5; 12 portion of. ^ apparatus, x 350; 13, part of capsule mouth showing cells and peristome, x 175; 14, spore, x 700. (1, 4, 6, 11 14, Este h y
sen 34594 ; 2, 7, 10, Smook 1095; 3, 5, Van Rooy 21; 8, 9, Smook 1096a).
44
cells present, dorsal stereid band strong, dorsal sur- face cells incrassate, guide cells incrassate. Upper laminal cells short-rhomboidal to linear-rhomboidal, occasionally vermicular, frequently incrassate, (25-) 35-63 (-85)x7-19 pm; basal laminal cells frequently reddish, quadrate.
Dioicous. Perichaetia terminal but quickly over- grown by innovations; leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1-1,5 mm long, apex acute to acuminate, margins frequently recurved, costa percurrent to mucronate, upper laminal cells vermicular, basal laminal cells quadrate to rectangular. Seta 10-16 mm long, yellowish red or reddish brown; capsule pyri- form, inclined to horizontal, yellowish to reddish or brown, frequently contracted below mouth when dry, urn 1-1,5 mm long, neck 0,8-1 ,5mm long, wrinkled when dry; exothecial cells irregularly rec- tangular to quadrate, incrassate, smaller at mouth; stomata present on neck, phaneropore; annulus present; peristome teeth narrowly oblong-acumi- nate, frequently irregular in outline, 220-300 pm long, bordered, trabeculate, yellowish to reddish, frequently hyaline above, minutely papillose; endo- stome segments broad below, tapering above, keeled, broadly perforated, yellowish to hyaline, ci- lia rudimentary, basal membrane high, yellow, mi- nutely papillose; operculum conic, blunt to mucro- nate; calyptra cucullate; spores round, 12-18 pm, granulose. Fig. 3.
The species is known from the Drakensberg of Natal and Lesotho. It is found on soil in rock crev- ices in the Subalpine and Alpine Belts, from 2 100-3 050 m.
NATAL. — 2828 (Bethlehem): on rocks below cliffs at Sentinel (-DB), Smook 1095, 1096a (PRE; MO). 2929 (Underberg):
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
Giant’s Castle Game Reserve, on the escarpment at the Judge Pass (-AB), Van Rooy 21 (PRE; MO; H).
LESOTHO. — 2828 (Bethlehem): Oxbow, on cliff above road 8 km west of Lodge (-DC), Magill 4604 (PRE). 3028 (Matatiele): 15 km west of Ongeluksnek, cliffs above Lake Letsie (-AC), Ma- gill 4705 (PRE).
The slender plants, branching pattern of the stem, imbricate, erect leaves, leaf shape and areolation in- dicate the gametophytic relationship to other species of Anomobryum. The upper laminal cells are vari- able in shape, size and degree of cell wall thickening. Stem and innovation leaves have short-rhomboidal to rhomboidal or occasionally vermicular cells with thickened walls. Subperichaetial and perichaetial leaves have linear-rhomboidal to linear-vermicular cells with incrassate walls.
Sporophytically the peristome structure of this species falls within the infrageneric variation in per- istome development. Both exostome and endostome show signs of reduction. Some exostome teeth are relatively short, blunt and irregular in outline and the endostome cilia are rudimentary.
A. drakensbergense is related to the Mexican A. sharpii A.J. Shaw but differs in the percurrent costa, shorter pyriform capsule and the broadly perforated endostome segments. A. filiforme (Dicks.) Solms, the other species occurring in southern Africa, has taller, julaceous and glossy stems, longer, narrower and strongly incrassate upper laminal cells, costae ending below the leaf apices and well developed peristomes.
The specific epithet drakensbergense refers to the Drakensberg mountains of Natal and eastern Leso- tho where this species occurs.
J. VAN ROOY
COMBRETACEAE
A NEW SPECIES OF COMBRETUM FROM THE TRANSVAAL
Combretum petrophilum Retief, sp. nov., C. apiculato Sond. subsp. apiculato affinis, sed petalis non ciliatis et lamine anguste ovate differt.
TYPE. — Transvaal, 2430 (Pilgrim’s Rest): Stry- dom Tunnel (-BC), Carr 203 (PRE, holo.; K).
A shrub or small slender tree, up to 4 m high; de- ciduous; bark ± smooth, longitudinally reticulate, grey. Stems with few or no lateral branching for c. 1-1,5 m above ground; young twigs dull reddish brown. Leaves opposite, petiolate; lamina narrowly ovate to elliptic, occasionally broadly ovate to ovate, (14) 36-60(75) x (10)15-23 mm, discolorous, base asymmetrical, rounded, apex acute, obtuse or rounded, apiculate, often twisted, both surfaces sparsely to densely lepidote, sometimes with tri- chomes along margin and main vein, principal lat- eral veins alternate or opposite, in 5-7 pairs, main vein and reticulate tertiary veining of under surface prominent, margin smooth, occasionally undulate; petioles (2)5-8mm long, lepidote, trichomes some- times present. Inflorescence an axillary spike; pe- duncles 11-16 mm long, rachis (3)8-11 mm long,
glutinous and lepidote; bracts caducous. Flowers 4-merous. Receptacle glutinous and lepidote; lower receptacle c. 1,5 mm long, cylindrical, upper recep- tacle c. 1,5 mm long, campanulate. Sepals yellow, c. 1 mm long, lobes broadly triangular with a few tri- chomes at apices of lobes. Petals obtriangular, shortly unguiculate, margins not ciliate, c. 1x1,5 mm, dull yellow. Stamens 8, 1-seriate; filaments 5,5-6 mm long; anthers c.,1 mm long. Disk free for c. 0,5 mm, purplish pink, tauter part pilose. Style 5 mm long. Fruit a 4— winged samara; subglobose, 16-18x10-15 mm; apical peg 0,5-1 mm long; stipe 3-4 mm long; glabrous but lepidote; light reddish brown when mature. Cotyledons 2, epigeal. Scales circular in outline, c. 55-75 mm in diameter deli- mited by 8 primary radial walls and 6-8 tangential walls. Fig. 4.
TRANSVAAL. — 2429 (Zebediela): 12,8 km from Malipsdrif to Ganspoort (-BB), Van Wyk 5243 (PRE; PRU). 2430 (Pilgrim’s Rest): Strydom Tunnel (-BC), Van der Schijff 7318 (PRE); Abel Erasmus Pass (-BC), Strey 3454 (K; MO; PRE); Swadini Na- tional hiking trail (-BD), Van Greuning 513 (PRE; PRU); Ma-
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
45
riepskop picnic spot (-DB), Van der Schijff 6094 (PRE; PRU). 2529 (Witbank): Fonteinsonderend, Loskop Dam (-AD), Theron 2171 (PRE; PRU); Doornkop (-CB), Du Plessis 422 (PRE; PRU).
FIG. 4. — Combretum petrophilum. 1, branch with leaves and inflorescences, X 0,8; 2, flower, X 3 (Strey 3454).
Combretum petrophilum is endemic to the Trans- vaal. The species usually occurs on north-western or southern slopes in sourish mixed bushveld. Speci- mens of the species are found growing between rocks, in fissures or along ledges. The specific epi- thet refers to the habitat preference of the species.
C. petrophilum is placed in the section Ciliatipe- tala Engl. & Diels even though [as in the case of C. psidioides Welw. subsp. glabrum Exell (1978), which was also placed there] its petals are not ciliate at the apex. All other characteristics of the new species are typical of the section Ciliatipetala.
C. petrophilum is similar to C. apiculatum subsp. apiculatum. Apart from its petals being without cilia at the apex it differs mainly in its leaf lamina which is ovate to elliptic rather than broadly to narrowly obo- vate-elliptic. The main and secondary veins of the new species are also much less prominently raised and not markedly yellow and the flowers are ar- ranged in laxer spikes than in C. apiculatum subsp. apiculatum.
The first record of C. petrophilum was from the Abel Erasmus Pass, where Mr R. G. Strey collected some fruiting material in March 1960. In November of the same year he went back and collected flow- ering specimens. Exell examined the material in 1967 and tentatively identified the taxon as a form of C. apiculatum.
REFERENCE
EXELL, A.W. 1978. Combretaceae. FI. Zambesiaca 4: 100-183.
E. RETIEF
CYPERACEAE
CYPERACEAE NEW TO THE FLORA OF NATAL
During March 1985 a collecting trip to the Muzi Swamps in the Ingwavuma District of KwaZulu was undertaken. The following additions to Ross’s Flora of Natal (1972) were collected:
1. Cy perns cuspidatus Kunth: Reid 1025. Annual, previously known from South West Afri- ca/Namibia, Botswana and Transvaal, also Tropical Africa. Rodin 4539 (PRE!), collected at Stegi (Sit- eki), Swaziland, is also this species.
2. Cyperus tenuispica Steud.: Reid 1057. Annual, previously known from South West Afri- ca/Namibia, Botswana and Transvaal, also Old World Tropics.
3. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl : Reid 1053.
Annual, previously known from South West Afri- ca/Namibia, Botswana and Transvaal, also world- wide. Hitchins 827 (PRE!) from Hluhluwe Game Reserve is also this species.
4. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax : Reid 1026.
Podlech in Prodr. FSWA (1967) is followed in main- taining Hemicarpha Nees & Arn. separate from Scir- pus L. s. str. and from Lipocarpha R. Br. Annual, previously known from South West Africa/Namibia and Transvaal, also Tropical Africa and throughout America.
5. Mariscus paradoxus (Cherm.) Cherm. : Reid 1027.
Annual, previously known from South West Afri- ca/Namibia and Transvaal, also Mozambique and Madagascar.
6. Pycreus atribulbus (Kukenth.) Napper : Reid 1029.
Perennial, previously known from the coasts of Mo- zambique and Tanzania. One of the syntypes, Schlechter 12254, (PRE, iso.!), was collected at 25 Miles Station (Dondo), near Beira, Mozambique. The species is represented in PRE by a further two
46
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
collections from Natal : Ward 2918 and Ward 7731, both from Hlabisa District. In the Muzi Swamps the species is locally dominant.
7. Pycreus pumilis (L.) Nees : Reid 1034. Hooper in FWTA edn 2 (1972) is followed in no longer upholding the var. patens (Vahl) Kiikenth. Annual, previously known from South West Afri- ca/Namibia, Botswana, Transvaal and Swaziland, also widespread in Old World Tropics and Central America. Pentz & Acocks 10265 (PRE!) collected at Wessels Nek (Klip River District, Natal) is also this species.
During the course of routine herbarium work a further new record for the Flora of Natal was noted:
8. Pycreus macrostachyos (Lam.) J. Raynal. Previously known from South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, Transvaal and Swaziland, also Tropical Africa. In PRE the following collections from Natal, which were previously misidentified, represent this species: Tinley 603 from Mkuze Game Reserve, and Ward 5574 from the vicinity of Ncemane Station, Hlabisa District.
C. REID
ERICACEAE
A NEW SPECIES OF ERICINELLA FROM THE SOUTHERN DRAKENSBERG
Ericinella hillburttii E.G.H. Oliver, sp. nov., Dracomontibus Capitis Ericinellae multiflorae Klotzsch Capite orientali affinis sed lobis corollae vi- ridi-flavae cucullatis, staminibus inclusis, antheris terminalibus ovario insidentibus, filamentis brevibus apice latis aristis decurrentibus, foliis adaxiale prae- cipue basin versus pubescentibus.
Frutex erectus ad 1,5 m altus caulibus multis. Rami breve lanati glabrescentes, saepe sterigmati- bus. Folia 3-nata appressa imbricata anguste ovata ad anguste elliptica ad oblonga 1-1,8 x 0,4-0, 8 mm, abaxiale glabra, adaxiale pubescentia praecipue ba- sin versus, juventute longe ciliata, caespite apicali demum strigulis; petiolo abaxiale puberulo juven- tute, saepe glabrescenti sed nonnullis pilis persisten- tibus. Flores l-3(6)-nati extremis brachyblastorum lateralium coarctatorum; pedicello 1,5-1 ,7 mm longo puberulo viridi; bractea toto recaulescenti; bracteolis deficientibus. Calyx 4-lobatus viridis; lobo majore 0,7-0, 8 mm longo, anguste triangulari, om- nibus glabris ciliatis apice sulcatis. Corolla 4-lobata 1,2-1 ,8 x 1-1,3 mm late obovoidea, viridi-flava; lo-
bis latis rotundatis partim cucullatis interdum emar- ginatis. Stamina 4 libera inclusa; filamentis 0,3-0, 6 mm longis linearibus apice expansis glabris; antheris 0,5-1, 1 mm longis ellipsoideis ad obovoideis ovario insidentibus glabris muticis ad distincte aristatis, aristis ad 0,2 mm longis partim decurrentibus; poro longitudine thecae partes aequanti. Ovarium 3- cellulare, 0,5-0, 8 mm longum late ellipsoideum ad globosum longitudine porcatum in dimidio su- periore, supra lanatum; stylo 0, 6-0,9 mm longo gla- bro; stigmate infundibuliformi 0,4-0, 7 mm diam. manifesto ad paulo exserto. Fructus capsularis 1,0-1 ,2 mm longus, sparse lanatus, septis base i-i capsulae partes aequantibus; seminibus anguste el- lipsoideis c. 0,75 x 0,42 mm testa reticulata cellula- rum elongatarum impressarum marginibus irregular- iter undulatis. Fig. 5.
TYPE. — Cape, Elliott District, Baster-voetpad between Saamwerk and Mt Enterprise, 2 130 m, 16 November 1983, Oliver 8151 (PRE, holo.; BM; BOL; E; GRA; K; MO; NBG; NU; NY; S; STE).
FIG. 5. — Ericinella hillburttii. 1, flower; 2, bract (as large lobe of calyx); 3, lateral sepal; 4, anther, front, side and back views; 5, ovary; 6, fruit with one valve removed; 7, leaf; all drawn x 25 from the holotype, Oliver 8151 (STE).
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
47
Erect compact shrubs up to 1,5 m tall, many- stemmed from a woody rootstock. Branches shortly lanate soon becoming glabrous, often with distinct internodal sterigmata. Leaves 3-nate, appressed im- bricate, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic to ob- long, 1,0-1 ,8 x 0,4-0, 8 mm, glabrous abaxially, pu- bescent adaxially mainly towards the base, long ci- liate and pubescent all over when young and with an apical tuft which remains as strigulae; petiole pube- rulous abaxially when young, often glabrescent but with some long hairs remaining. Flowers l-3(6)-nate on the ends of short lateral brachyblasts crowded at the ends of the branches; pedicel 1,5-1 ,7 mm long, puberulous, green; bract fully recaulescent; brac- teoles wanting. Calyx 4-lobed, green; larger lobe 0,7-0, 8 mm long, narrowly triangular to subspathu- late from a broadened base; remaining lobes 0,6-0, 8 mm long, more or less triangular; all lobes ciliate, the smaller ones pubescent on the inner surface, sul- cate at the apex, the larger ones more so. Corolla 4- lobed, 1,2-1 ,8 x 1,0-1 ,3 mm, broadly obovoid, greenish yellow soon turning pale brown and papery; lobes broad, rounded, partially cucullate sometimes emarginate. Stamens 4, free, included; filaments 0,3-0, 6 mm long, linear, expanded at the apex, glabrous, the length of the anther; anthers 0,5—1 ,1 mm long ellipsoid to obovoid, seated on top of the ovary, glabrous, muticous to distinctly aris- tate, awns up to 0,2 mm long, partially decurrent; pore the length of the thecae. Ovary 3-celled, 0,5-0, 8 mm long, broadly ellipsoid to globose, ridged longitudinally in the upper half, lanate above and mainly down the ridges; style 0,6-0, 9 mm long, glabrous; stigma infundibuliform, 0,4-0, 7 mm in diam., manifest to slightly exserted. Fruit a dehis- cent loculicidal capsule 1,0-1 ,2 mm long, sparsely lanate with well developed septa at the base 3-5 the length of the capsule; seeds narrowly ellipsoid, 0,75 x 0,42 mm with reticulate testa of elongate sunken cells with irregularly undulate margins.
This species was first collected by Prof. Olive Hil- liard and Mr Bill Burtt as recently as February 1983 when only fruiting material was available. From this it was nevertheless possible to determine that the material represented a new species. During Novem- ber 1983, I visited the locality of their collection to collect flowering material and to study the species in the field. En route, material of Ericinella multiflora
Klotzsch, the only other species in the genus in the eastern Cape, was collected on the Katberg Pass. This made it possible to compare the two species in the fresh state. Fig. 6.
FIG. 6. — Distribution of Ericinella hillburttii.
E. hillburttii is allied to E. multiflora, but differs in a number of characteristics as set out in Table 1.
E. hillburttii is known to date only from the type locality, the Baster-voetpad in the mountains north- west of Elliott in the north-eastern Cape. Accessibility in these mountains is very poor, and other populations may well occur farther north to- wards Naude’s Neck.
The plants were among the tallest in the vegeta- tion, but because of the very dull colour and small size of the flowers were not very striking even when in full bloom. The above features, coupled with the larger stigma and lack of nectaries, suggest the wind pollination syndrome.
TABLE 1. — -Comparison of characteristics of the allied species, Ericinella hillburttii and E. multiflora
E. hillburttii
E. multiflora
Multi-stemmed from woody rootstock
Distinct internodal sterigmata often present on branches
Leaves adaxially pubescent mainly near the base
Corolla pink, lobes slightly cucullate
Filaments 0,3 -0,6 mm long, expanded at apex
Anthers included, seated on ovary
Anthers terminally attached
Awns partially decurrent
Ovary lanate
Seeds ellipsoid
Single-stemmed
No distinct sterigmata
Leaves adaxially evenly pubescent
Corolla greenish yellow, lobes erect to spreading
Filaments c. 1,4 mm long, linear
Anthers exserted, placed well above ovary
Anthers dorsally attached near base
Awns free
Ovary pubescent
Seeds broadly ellipsoid to subsphaerical
48
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
One striking feature of E. hillburttii is the large number of erect stems which arise from the basal woody rootstock. This is a sure indication that the plants regenerate quickly from the rootstock after a fire. This characteristic contrasts strongly with the single-stemmed habit found in its nearest relative, E. multiflora , and has probably evolved in response to the different habitat factors: E. hillburtii grows in shorter scrub vegetation on more open grassy slopes whereas E. multiflora grows on the edges of forest patches and in more sheltered woody scrub patches, only occasionally on open grassy slopes.
The plants of E. hillburttii occurred in a limited area on grassy rocky south-facing slopes with a sur- face layer of very loamy soil acting as a seep. At the high altitude of 2 100 m the plants have to tolerate very cold conditions during the winter months, often with a good covering of snow.
Specimen examined:
CAPE PROVINCE.— 3127(Lady Frere): Baster-voetpad (-BB), Hilliard & Burn 16662 { STE);ibid. Oliver 81 51 (see type).
E.G.H. OLIVER
FABACEAE
A FOURTH NATURAL ERYTHRINA HYBRID FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Krukoff and Barneby (1974) described two natu- rally occurring Erythrina hybrids from South Africa, E. x coddii, an intersubgeneric hybrid of E. latis- sima E. Mey. (subgenus Chirocalyx ) and E. lysiste- mon Hutch, (subg. Erythrina), and E. x hennessyae, an intersectional hybrid of E. lysistemon (subg. Erythrina section Caffrae) and £. humeana Spreng. (subg. Erythrina sect. Humeanae).
Subsequently a third natural South African hy- brid, E. x johnsoniae E.F. Franklin Hennessy, was described (Hennessy 1985) the parents of which are E. latissima subg. Chirocalyx) and E. caffra Thunb. (subg. Erythrina ).
Neither fruit nor seeds have been obtained from any individuals of these three hybrid taxa, which suggests that they are sterile.
A fourth, previously unnamed hybrid taxon exists (Hennessy 1972) which is fertile. Codd (1956) had
already mentioned two specimens with characters in- termediate between E. lysistemon and E. caffra. These are the two Codd collections cited below.
Erythrina x dyeri E.F. Franklin Hennessy, hy- brid. nov. inter parentes E. caffram Thunb. et E. lysistemon Hutch, (subgen. Erythrina sect. Caffrae ) quasi intermedia, ab ambobus vexillo breviore dif- fert. Typus: Natal, 2931 (Stanger): Durban, Went- worth and Brighton Beach (-CC), Hennessy 445 (holotypus Durban-Westville; isotypi NH; PRE).
Tree, c. 10 m tall, branched; bark grey-buff, thin, smooth with shallow longitudinal fissures; branches sparingly armed with short, conical or falcate brown prickles 5 mm long. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, terminal leaflet 25-50 mm remote from laterals, green, chartaceous, minutely pubescent on both sur- faces when young, becoming glabrous, deciduous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm long, caducous;
TABLE 2. — Comparison of measurements of corolla parts of Erythrina caffra, E. lysistemon and E. X dyeri
|
E. caffra (x of 65) |
E. X dyeri (x of 55) |
E. lysistemon (x of 65) |
|
|
Vexillum length (mm) |
56,3 |
53,5 |
71,1 |
|
Vexillum breadth (mm) |
37,8 |
33,8 |
32,8 |
|
Vexillum angle of curvature (°) |
47,6 |
41,0 |
28,4 |
|
Ala length (mm) |
25,9 |
18,9 |
14,8 |
|
Ala breadth (mm) |
11,9 |
7,9 |
5,7 |
|
Carina length (mm) |
22,2 |
15,3 |
11,1 |
|
Carina (1) breadth (mm) |
14,9 |
10,5 |
7,0 |
|
TABLE 3. — Comparison of relative proportions of corolla parts of Erythrina caffra, E. lysistemon and E. X dyeri |
|||
|
E. caffra |
E. X dyeri |
E. lysistemon |
|
|
Vexillum length : breadth |
1,49 : 1 |
1,58 : 1 |
2,17 : 1 |
|
Ala length : breadth |
2,18 : 1 |
2,41 : 1 |
2,59 : 1 |
|
Carina (1) length : breadth |
1,49 : 1 |
1,46 : 1 |
1,39 : 1 |
|
Vexillum length : ala length |
2,17 : 1 |
2,83 : 1 |
4,80 : 1 |
|
Vexillum length : carina length |
2,54 : 1 |
3,50 : 1 |
6,40 : 1 |
|
Ala length : carina length |
1,16 : 1 |
1,24 : 1 |
1,52 : 1 |
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
49
petiole glabrescent, adaxially grooved, sparingly "UP armed with falcate prickles or unarmed, 70-130 mm long; stipellae 4, paired, one pair at apex of petiole, one at apex of rhachis, green, glandular; petiolules 75_ glabrescent, 6-10 mm long; terminal leaflet usually unarmed, broadly ovate with cuneate base, apex acute, obtuse or acuminate, 50-130 x 45-130 mm; lateral leaflets usually unarmed, broadly ovate, equal- or unequal-sided with cuneate base, apex acute or acuminate, 50-120 x 45-85 mm. Inflores- x 65_ cence a subterminal pseudoraceme, precocious; pe- £ duncle pubescent, olive green, brown or purple, te- z rete, 55-200 mm long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, pu- ^ bescent, caducous. Flowers subverticillate in groups of 3, crowded; pedicel pubescent, 3-6 mm long; s bracteoles linear-lanceolate, pubescent, caducous, j distally situated, 2-4 mm long. Calyx tube ± cam- - 55 - panulate, pubescent, splitting laterally to become bi- 2 labiate at anthesis, olive-green proximally, reddish > brown distally becoming brown, 12-19 mm long; lobes 5, obsolescent, thickened, abaxial lobe prog- nathous in bud. Vexillum conduplicate-falcate, scar- let, glabrous, spread and re flexed at maturity, 49-58 45 _
E. lysistemon E. Xdyeri E. caff ra
•
a • •
▲ AAA
AAA •
A A AAA A •
AAA A A •«
AAA
AAA A • AA A
AAA •
• • M •••
• •
• •
FIG. 7. — Superimposed polygonal graphs of eight corolla characters of plants of Erythrina caffra, E. lysistemon and E. X dyeri :
|
A |
vexillum length |
unit 10 mm |
|
B |
vexlUum bddth |
unit 0,2 |
|
C |
vexillum length ala length |
unit 1,0 |
|
D |
carina length |
unit 10 mm |
|
E |
ala length |
unit 10 mm |
|
F |
ala length carina length |
unit 1,0 |
|
G |
vexillum length carina length |
unit 1,0 |
|
H |
vexillum curvature |
unit 10° |
\
/-iIq I 26 I 3b mm
ALA LENGTH
FIG. 8. — Scatter diagram of two corolla characters of plants of Erythrina caffra , E. lysistemon and E. x dyeri.
x 29-36 mm. Alae falcate, long-clawed, greenish white flushed scarlet with violet or purple distal mar- ginal zone, 16-21 x 7-9 mm. Carina of two broadly boat-shaped, abaxially partly connate or rarely free petals, green spotted with scarlet with purple or vi- olet border distally, each 14-17 x 9-12 mm; alae and carina partially exposed at anthesis. Stamens 10, di- adelphous, vexillary stamen coherent or free, with a distinct genuflexion proximally; filaments green proximally, purple distally, of two alternating lengths 34-41 and 39^16 mm, connate proximally for 24-34 mm; anthers uniform, bithecate with longi- tudinal dehiscence, dorsifixed, ochreous, 3 mm long. Gynoecium 47-55 mm long; gynophore green, his- pid, c. 10 mm long; ovary linear, multiovulate, olive- green, pubescent, c. 20 mm long; style terminal, te- rete, hispid proximally, purple, 17-25 mm long; stig- ma terminal, small, capitate, green. Fruit stipitate, subligneous, falcate, moniliform, glabrescent, black- ish, dehiscing adaxially, up to 200 mm long x 13 mm in diameter in broadest part. Seeds scarlet, elliptic, 8-10, x 5-6 mm; hilum oval, depressed, blackish, c. 5x2 mm.
NATAL. — 2931 (Stanger): Wentworth towards Brighton Beach (-CC), Hennessy 445 (Durban-Westville; NU; PRE). 3030 (Port Shepstone): Marburg Mission (-CB) Codd 7999 ( K; PRE).
TRANSKEI.— 3128 (Umtata): 6 miles NW of Elliotdale, (-DC), Codd 7983 (PRE).
This hybrid of the winter-flowering species E. caf- fra and E. lysistemon, both members of section Caf- frae, occurs on the coastbelt of Natal and Transkei where the parent species are either sympatric or grow together in cultivation.
50
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
Of the four hybrid taxa E. x dyeri is the most dif- ficult to recognize. The difficulty is compounded by introgression.
Living specimens of the parent species are not dif- ficult to distinguish on inflorescence and floral characters. Vegetative differences are not as well de- fined although, in general E. cafjra is a bigger tree with fewer prickles and larger leaflets than E. lysiste- mon.
The two most conspicuous differences between the parent species are the shape of the inflorescence, which is attributable to the shape and attitude of the vexilla of the open flowers, and the colour of the vexillum. Because the vexillum of E. caffra is strongly arcuate, spread and re flexed at anthesis thus exposing the inner whorls, the inflorescence is broader than that of E. lysistemon in which the mar- gins of the slightly falcate, conduplicate vexillum re- main contiguous at anthesis, concealing the inner whorls. The shape of the inflorescence is fairly well preserved in dried specimens. The colour of the vex- illum of both parent species varies in intensity in dif- ferent individuals. That of E. caffra ranges from deep vermilion-red through orange to creamy-white
whereas that of E. lysistemon ranges from deep scar- let through pillar-box red to pink to white. Albino forms of both species are very rare. Colour is not preserved in dried specimens.
The shape of the inflorescence of E. x dyeri re- sembles that of E. caffra whereas the colour of the vexillum is like that of E. lysistemon. Living speci- mens of E. x dyeri are often misidentified as red- flowered plants of E. caffra. No pale colour forms of the hybrid have yet been found. Presumably both
FIG. 9. — Outlines of corolla parts of A, Erythrina caffra ; B, E. x dyeri and C, E. lysistemon.
FIG. 10. — Inflorescence: A, E. caffra ; B, E. lysistemon; C, E. x dyeri. Young infructescence: D, E. x dyeri.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
51
parents would have to be pale forms for such lack of colour to manifest itself in the hybrid.
In order to determine the floral characters which can be reliably and easily used to identify the F, hy- brid and to distinguish it from its parents, inflores- cences were obtained from each of five different trees of E. caffra and of E. lysistemon and one tree of E. x dyeri in the Durban area. Measurements were made of 65 flowers of each parent species and of 55 flowers of the hybrid. Those of the corolla parts are summarized in Table 2. The apparent anomaly of one measurement, vexillum length, which is not intermediate in the flower of the hybrid vanishes when the relative proportions of the corolla parts are considered. These are shown in Table 3 and Figs 7 & 8.
Shrinkage of flower parts occurs in drying, but the relative proportions of these parts do not change. By estimating the relative proportions of the corolla parts of dry herbarium specimens, rehydrated speci- mens or fresh material, it is possible to distinguish E. caffra, E. lysistemon and the Fj hybrid, E. x dyeri. Corolla parts of these three taxa are shown in Fig. 9 and photographs of living inflorescences in Fig. 10.
The name Erythrina x dyeri is proposed for this taxon in honour of Dr R.A. Dyer.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The assistance of Mr V. K. Bansi and of Misses J. R. Dhanjee, Y. Moodley, S. Naidoo, S. Naidu and P. Reddy in compiling measurements is acknow- ledged and I thank Mrs R. Bunsee for typing the manuscript and Mrs E. L. van Hooff for the photo- graphs.
REFERENCES
HENNESSY, E. F. 1972. South African Erythrinas. Natal Branch, Wildlife Protection and Conservation Society of South Africa, pp. 14-19.
HENNESSY, E. F. 1985. Erythrina x johnsoniae. Flower. PI. Afr. 50: t. 1911.
KRUKOFF, B. A. & BARNEBY, R. C. 1974. Conspectus of species of the genus Erythrina. Lloydia 37,3: 440-449.
E. F. HENNESSY*
* Department of Botany, University of Durban-Westville, Pri- vate Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
IRIDACEAE
THE CORRECT CITATION OF MONTBRET1A CROCOSMIIFLORA
The name Montbretia crocosmiiflora is generally attributed to Lemoine ex E. Morren in La Belgique Horticole 31: 299 & t. 14 (1881). Dr M. P. de Vos also cited it in this form in her revision: The African genus Crocosmia Planchon, published in Jl S. Afr. Bot. 50,4: 497 (1984). However, Morren’s publica- tion is antedated by an unsigned note in the Floral Magazine of October 1881, t. 472, as noted by Dr P. J. Kostelijk in The Plantsman 5,4: 248 (1984).
On p. 287 of La Belgique Horticole 31, mention is made of the death of Gerard Calopin on 18 Decem- ber 1881. The issue containing Morrens’s description of Montbretia crocosmiaeflora must therefore have been published in the last days of December 1881 or in 1882, whereas the Floral Magazine is dated Oc- tober 1881. I am not aware of any data indicating that this dating is incorrect.
The editors of the Floral Magazine, Burbidge and Dean, must be held responsible for the description
with Fitch’s drawing. It therefore appears that the correct citation of the hybrid garden Crocosmia is Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (Lemoine ex Burbidge & Dean) N.E. Br.
The plants shown in the drawings in La Belgique Horticole and in the Floral Magazine are very much alike; they could well belong to the same cultivar. However, it does not seem possible to assign a culti- var name to these plants. The firm of Lemoine at Nancy introduced the plant into commerce in
1882 (Lemoine, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 25: 128-132, 1900-1901). Named selections have been sold from
1883 onwards.
D. O. WIJNANDS*
* Department of Plant Taxonomy, Agricultural University Wag- eningen, P.O. Box 8010, 6700 ED Wageningen, The Netherlands.
LAMIACEAE A NEW SPECIES OF STACHYS
Stachys comosa Codd, sp. nov., a S. natalensi Hochst. var. galpinii (Briq.) Codd inflorescentia compacta, bracteis longioribus et angustioribus dif- fert.
Herba, perennis; caules decumbentes, graciles, parce ramosi, 0,25-0,4 m longi, villosi. Folia subses- silia vel breviter petiolata; lamina ovata vel ovato- deltoidea, 20-35 x 14-24 mm, dense villosa, subtus
glanduloso-punctata, apice obtuso, basi truncata vel subcordata, margine crenata; petiolus usque ad 7 mm longus. Inflorescentia compacta, dense villosa, 30-40 mm longa; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, acuminatae, 10-14 mm longae; verticil- lastri 2-flori; pedicelli 1 mm longi. Calyx tubuloso- campanulatus, 8-10 mm longus, aequaliter 5-denta- tus, villosus; tubus 4-5 mm longus; dentes lineari- lanceolati, aristati, 4—5 mm longi. Corolla alba vel
52
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
dilute malvina, saepe purpureo-maculata, 14-16 mm longa; tubus 7-8 mm longus; labium posticum hori- zontale, concavum, 5-6 mm longum; labium anti- cum descendens, 8-9 mm longum. Stamina 4, intus labio postico ascendentia; antherae brunneae. Stylus filiformis, 4—5 mm exsertus ; stigma breviter bifidum.
TYPE. — Natal, Umzinto District, Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, Balkwill & Cadman 2082 (PRE, holo.).
Perennial herb; stems decumbent, slender, spar- ingly branched, 0,25-0,4 m long, villous, with long spreading hairs and shorter gland-tipped hairs. Leaves subsessile or shortly petiolate; blade ovate to ovate-deltoid, 20-35 x 14 — 24 mm, densely villous on both surfaces with minute gland-dots on the under surface, apex obtuse, base truncate to subcordate, margin crenate; petiole up to 7 mm long. Inflores- cence compact, densely villous, 30-40 mm long; bracts linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, 10-14 mm long, the lowermost pair larger and leaf- like; verticils 2-flowered; pedicels 1 mm long. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 8-10 mm long, equally 5-toothed, villous; tube 4-5 mm long; teeth linear- lanceolate, aristate, 4-5 mm long. Corolla white to pale mauve often flecked with purple, 14—16 mm long; tube 7-8 mm long; upper lip horizontal, con- cave, 5-6 mm long; lower lip descending, 8-9 mm long. Stamens 4, ascending in the upper lip; anthers brown. Style filiform, bifid, exserted in the upper lip by 4-5 mm. Fig. 11.
Found on grassy slopes, often among rocks, in southern Natal; flowers in spring and early summer, especially after the grass has been burnt.
NATAL. — 3030 (Port Shepstone): Dumisa (-AD), Rudatis 2033\ Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve (-BC), Balkwill, Man- ning, Brophy & Getliffe Norris 1013: Balkwill & Cadman 2082; 2209 ; near Harding, Bedford Farm (-BC), Balkwill & Cadman 2794.
During recent studies in Stachys (Codd in Bothalia 12: 181, 1977; FI. S. Afr. 28,4: 51, 1985), the Rudatis specimen listed above was included, with some hesi- tation, in S. natalensis var. galpinii because of its somewhat similar densely villous pubescence, though it differed in the compact inflorescence and longer and narrower floral bracts. Since then several
matching specimens have been collected by Balkwill and his colleagues of the University of Natal, Pieter- maritzburg, which support the view that a suffi- ciently clear-cut entity is involved to warrant sepa- rate species status.
In the keys previously provided, S. comosa would tend to run to S. flexuosa Skan because of its rela- tively compact inflorescence. However, plants of the latter species are smaller, with stems up to 0,25 m in length and the bracts and calyx are hispid, not densely villous as in S. comosa.
FIG. 11. — Holotype of Stachys comosa, Balkwill & Cadman
2082.
A NEW SPECIES OF THORNCROFTIA
Thorncroftia media Codd, sp. nov., a T. succu- lenta (Dyer & Bruce) Codd pubescentia pilis simpli- cibus,foliissubintegris, inflorescentialaxioradiffert.
Frutex semisucculentus, c. 0,6 m altus, basi ramo- sus; caules erecti, parce ramosi, teretes, demum gla- brescentes. Folia petiolata, semisucculenta; lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, 35-65 x 25-35 mm, utrinque tomentosa et glanduloso-punctata pilis sim- plicibus, apice rotundato, basi cuneata, margine sub- integra; petiolus 20-30 mm longus. Inflorescentia terminalis, paniculata, satis condensata, usque ad 250 mm longa, 100 mm lata; rhachis glanduloso-to- mentosa; bracteae persistentes, basi racemi foli- aceae, superne sensim reductae demum c. 4 mm
longae, floribus axillaribus solitariis, pedicellis 1-2 mm longis. Calyx campanulatus, glandulosus, ali- quantum bilabiatus, demum 5-6 mm longus; lobus posticus ovato-deltoideus, 2 mm longus; lobus anti- cus subaequaliter 4— dentatus, dentibus lanceolato- deltoideis, acuminatis, 1,5 mm longis. Corolla tubu- losa, apice 4-lobata, lilacina, lobis purpureo-macula- tis; tubus anguste cylindricus, 20-22 mm longus, 2 mm diam., leviter compressus, breviter glanduloso- tomentosus; lobus posticus erectus, obcordatus 5-6 x 4 mm, lobi laterales deflexi, lineari-lanceolati, acuminati, 5-6 x 1 mm; lobus anticus cymbiformis, 6-7 mm longus, demum reflexus. Stamina 4, fila- mentis liberis, 3-4 mm longis, fauce corollae insertis.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
53
Ovarium 4-lobatum, glabrum; stylus filiformis, 7 mm exsertus; stigma breviter bifidum.
TYPE. — Transvaal, Drakensberg range, west of Trichardtsdal (2430CC), cultivated in BRI nursery. Hardy 3966 (PRE, holo.).
Semi-succulent shrub, c. 0,6 m tall, branching at the base; stems erect, sparingly branched, terete, eventually glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, semi-suc- culent; blade elliptical to ovate-elliptical, 35-65 x 25-35 mm, tomentose and gland-dotted on both sur- faces with simple hairs, apex rounded, base cuneate, margin subentire; petiole 20-30 mm long. Inflores- cence terminal, paniculate, fairly dense, up to 250 mm long, 100 mm broad; rhachis glandular-tomen- tose; bracts persistent, those at the base of the raceme leaf- like, becoming smaller towards the apex and eventually c. 4 mm long, with the flowers axil- lary, solitary, pedicels 1-2 mm long. Calyx campanu- late, glandular, somewhat bilabiate, eventually 5-6
FIG. 12. — Holotype of Thorncroftia media, Hardy 3966.
mm long; posticous lobe ovate-deltoid, 2 mm long; anticous lobe subequally 4-toothed, teeth lanceo- late-deltoid, acuminate, 1,5 mm long. Corolla tubu- lar with the apex 4-lobed, lilac with the lobes purple- flecked; tube narrowly cylindrical, 20-22 mm long, 2 mm in diam., slightly compressed, shortly glandular- tomentose; posticous lobe erect, obcordate, 5-6 x 4 mm; lateral lobes deflexed, linear-lanceolate, acumi- nate, 5-6 x 1 mm; anticous lobe cymbiform, 6-7 mm long, eventually reflexed. Stamens 4, filaments free, 3-4 mm long, attached in the throat of the corolla. Ovary 4-lobed, glabrous; style filiform, exserted by 7 mm; stigma shortly bifid. Fig. 12.
Known only from the type gathering ( Hardy 966), collected on rocky slopes of the Drakensberg Range in the eastern Transvaal, north-west of the Olifants River poort and more or less due west of Trichardtsdal, and cultivated in the BRI nursery. Access to this part of the Drakensberg Range is diffi- cult, as there are no roads into the mountains be- tween the Olifants River and the road over the mountains at The Downs, some 45 km to the north- west. The opportunity to make a small collection in the area arose when Mr Hardy accompanied a heli- copter expedition engaged on the eradication of Cannabis plantings.
In corolla characters and growth habit T. media resembles T. succulenta but, in the latter species, the leaf blade tends to be smaller (16-30 x 15-20 mm) with the margin crenate in the upper half, and the tomentum on leaves and stems consists mainly of dendroid hairs. In T. succulenta the inflorescence is also smaller and denser than in T. media. T. succu- lenta occurs on the Soutpansberg and has been re- corded on the escarpment opposite Mariepskop and from the mountains east of Barberton. It is possible, therefore, that it may occur at other localities along the eastern escarpment but, in the short time at his disposal, Mr Hardy did not encounter it. Obviously more information is desirable on the distribution of the two species and whether there is any intergrada- tion between them, but there seems to be little chance of further study being possible in this moun- tainous area in the near future.
Another related species, T. longiflora N.E. Br., which has so far been recorded only from the moun- tains above Joe’s Luck Siding east of Barberton, has a similar greyish tomentum of simple hairs but the leaves are very much smaller (10-20 x 4-10) and the corolla tube is considerably longer (30-38 mm) than in T. media.
L. E. CODD
LILIACEAE
A METHOD FOR THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF LEAVES
OF ALOE SP
Cutler and Brandham (1977; see also Cutler 1969, 1972 and Brandham & Cutler 1978) have shown that the leaf surface structure of members of Aloineae is not only under precise genetic control with little if
BY SEM
any environmental influence, but is also species (or infra-specific taxon) specific. This means that it can be used to identify otherwise unidentifiable speci- mens, and to assist in the identification of others.
54
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
Techniques are known for preparing surface-ana- tomical material of dried herbarium specimens with- out disturbing them and causing minimal distortion. The making of replicas is a well known method of examining otherwise difficult material by both scan- ning and transmission electron microscopy. The ap- plication of replicas to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is reviewed by Hearle et al. (1974). As part of a study of the southern African species of Aloe for the Flora of southern Africa, we experimented with a number of replica techniques, notably those of Chapman (1967) using polystyrene foam dissolved in toluene, of De Winter (pers. comm.) using clear nail varnish, and of Watkins (pers. comm.). We found Watkins’ technique of using a small piece of cellu- lose acetate film soaked in acetone was ideal for ap- plication to valuable specimens, because the dry ace- tate replica lifts off the specimen without damaging it, and removes at most some of the surface wax and dust. A piece of cellulose acetate film c. 10 x 5 mm (the dimensions are not critical) is softened for a few seconds in acetone and laid on a suitable piece of leaf epidermis. A drop of acetone on the film will further soften it so much that all but the smallest air bubbles are removed, and an impression of the leaf is formed. After ten to twenty minutes the film dries and releases itself from the specimen. It may then be trimmed, if necessary, and mounted and coated for viewing by SEM in the normal manner.
As the material actually examined is a negative replica, it must be noted that papillae, micropapillae and ridges appear on the pictures as hollows of vari- ous shapes, and stomatal cavities appear as humps. Wax deposits appear ‘right way round’, but are seen
FIG. 13. — Live material of leaf of Aloe namibensis, Hardy 6330 in PNBG 28193. The scale bar is approximately 135 pm long.
FIG. 14. — Acetate replica of a specimen of Aloe namibensis, Giess 10459 in PRE. The scale bar is approximately 140 /am long.
FIG. 15. — Negative of Fig. 14. The scale bar is approximately 140 pm long.
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
55
from below rather than from above. The practical effect of this may be seen by comparing the picture of live material of Aloe namibensis in Fig. 13 with the replica in Fig. 14.
An interesting optical illusion may be noted when using these replicas (see Fig. 15). This is the negative of Fig. 14. In negatives of SEM pictures of replicas made as described above, hairs, papillae, micropa- pillae, ridges and hollows are seen in an approxima- tion to their correct perspective; this is seen when Fig. 15 is compared with Fig. 13.
An example of the use of characters made avail- able by this method, that would otherwise have been unavailable to the investigators, is given by Glen & Hardy (in press).
We thank Mr R. M. Watkins (Wirsam Scientific) for suggesting this method to us, and Mrs S. M. Per- old for help with the minutiae of SEM specimen preparation. Thanks are also due to Drs G. E. Gibbs Russell and O A. Leistner for reading drafts of this note and offering helpful comment and advice.
REFERENCES
BRANDHAM, P. E. & CUTLER, D. F. 1978. Influence of chro- mosome variation on the organization of the leaf epidermis in a hybrid Aloe (Liliaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 77: 1-16.
CHAPMAN, B. 1967. Polystyrene replicas for scanning reflexion electron microscopy. Nature, Lond. 216: 1347-1348.
CUTLER, D. F. 1969. Cuticular markings and other epidermal features in Aloe leaves. Notes Jod. Lab. 6: 21-27.
CUTLER, D. F. 1972. Leaf anatomy of certain Aloe and Gasteria species and their hybrids. In A.K.M. Ghouse & M. Yunus, Research trends in plant anatomy, 103-122. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.
CUTLER, D. F. & BRANDHAM, P. E. 1977. Experimental evi- dence for genetic control of leaf surface characters in hy- brid Aloineae (Liliaceae). Kew Bull. 32: 23-32.
GLEN, H. F. & HARDY, D. S. in press. The identity of Aloe spicata L.f. Bothalia.
HEARLE, J. W. S., SPARROW, J. T. & CROSS, P. M. 1974. The use of the scanning electron microscope. Oxford: Per- gamon Press.
H. F. GLEN and D. S. HARDY
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE
A NEW COMBINATION IN LAMPRANTHUS
A proposal was made (Glen 1980) and accepted (Brummitt 1983) to conserve the generic name Lam- pranthus N.E. Br. against the earlier name Oscularia Schwant. if both names were considered to refer to the same genus. Glen (1978) showed that all three names published in the genus Oscularia belong to the same species, that this species could not be held separate from the genus Lampranthus, and that it belongs to the section Lunati of that genus. How- ever, the necessary new combination has not been published until now.
Lampranthus deltoides (L.) Glen, comb. nov.
Mesembryanthemum deltoides L., Sp. PI. edn 1, 482 (1753); Gouan, Hort. Monspel. 244 (1765); Mill., Gard. Diet, edn 8, n. 11 (1768); Soland. in Ait., Hort. Kew. edn 1, 2: 183 (1789); Gmel., Syst. Nat. edn 14, 2: 844 (1791); Haw., Obs. Gen. Me- semb. 2: 364 (1795); Willd., Sp. PI. edn 5, 2: 1052 (1799); DC., Hist. PI. Succ. t. 53 (1800); Haw., Misc. Nat. 74 (1803); Willd., Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 539 (1809); Haw., Syn. PI. Succ. 296 (1812); Hornem., Hort. Reg. Hafniae 465 (1815); Haw., Rev. PI. Succ. 133 (1821); DC., Prodr. 3: 433 (1828); Salm Dyck, Monogr. Gen. Aloes Mesemb. § 30 f. 3 t. 24 (1840); D. Dietr., Syn. PI. 3: 140 (1843); Sond., F. C. 2: 421 (1862); Berger, Mesemb. Portu- lac. 190 (1908); N.E. Br. in J1 Linn. Soc. Bot. 45: 118 (1920). M. deltoideum L., Syst. Nat. edn 10, 1059 (1758). Oscularia deltoides (L.) Schwantes in Mollers dt. Gartn.-Ztg 42: 187 (1927); Jacob- sen, Handb. Succ. PI. 3: 1338 (1960); in Lex. Succ. PI. 535 (1974). Iconotype: Dill., Hort. Eltham. t. 195 f. 246 (1732). Typotype: Dillenius s.n., hort. (OXF!).
M. caulescens Mill., Gard. Diet, edn 8, n. 12 (1768); Haw., Obs. Gen. Mesemb. 2: 367 (1795); in Misc. Nat. 74 (1803); in Syn. PI. Succ. 296 (1812); Hornem., Hort. Reg. Hafniae 465 (1815); Haw., Rev. PI. Succ. 133 (1821); DC., Prodr. 3: 433 (1828); Salm Dyck, Monogr. Gen. Aloes Mesemb. § 30 f. 3 t. 23 (1840); D. Dietr., Syn. PL 3: 140 (1843); Sond., F.C. 2: 421 (1862); Berger, Mesemb. Portulac. 188 (1908). M. deltoides L. var. 6 L., Sp. PI. edn 2, 690 (1762); Soland. in Ait., Hort. Kew. edn 1, 2: 183 (1789). O. caulescens (Mill.) Schwantes in Mollers dt. Gartn.-Ztg 42: 187 (1927); Jacobsen, Hand. Succ. PI. 3: 1338 (1960); in Lex. Succ. PI. 535 (1974). Iconotype: Dill., Hort. El- tham. t. 195 f. 243-4 (1732). Typotype: Dillenius s.n., hort. (OXF!).
M. deltoides L. var. majus Weston, Universal Botanist 1: 169 (1770); Haw., Obs. Gen. Mesemb. 2: 366 (1795); N.E. Br. in J1 Linn. Soc. Bot. 45: 118 (1920). O. deltoides (L.) Schwantes var. major (Weston) Schwantes ex Jacobsen in Fedde Reprium Beih. 106: 158 (1938); Jacobsen, Handb. Succ. PI. 3: 1338 (1960); in Lex. Succ. PL 535 (1974). O. deltata (Mill.) Schwantes var. major (Weston) Schwantes in Mollers dt. Gartn.-Ztg 42: 187 (1927). Iconotype: Dill., Hort. Eltham. t. 196 f. 247 (1732). Typotype: Dillenius s.n., hort. (OXF!).
M. muricatum Haw., Obs. Gen. Mesemb. 2: 364 (1795); in Misc. Nat. 75 (1803); in Syn. PL Succ. 297 (1812); in Rev. PL Succ. 133 (1821); DC., Prodr. 3: 433 (1828); Salm Dyck, Monogr. Gen. Aloes Mesemb. § 30, f. 3 t. 25 (1840); D. Dietr., Syn. PL 3: 140 (1843); Sond., F.C. 2: 421 (1862). M. deltoides L. var. murica- tum (Haw.) Berger, Mesemb. Portulac. 190 (1908). O. muricata (Haw.) Schwantes ex Jacobsen, Sukk. Lex. 478 (1970) in syno- nymy, comb, illegit. Iconotype: Dill., Hort. Eltham. t. 195 f. 246 (1732). Typotype: Dillenius s.n., hort. (OXF!).
M. deltoides L. var. simplex DC., Hist. PL Succ. t. 53 (1800). Type not stated.
M. deltoides L. var. pedunculatum N.E. Br. in J1 Linn. Soc. Bot. 45: 118 (1920). O. deltoides (L.) Schwantes var. pedunculata (N.E. Br.) Schwantes ex Jacobsen in Fedde Reprium Beih. 106: 158 (1938). O. pedunculata (N.E. Br.) Schwantes in Natn. Cact. Succ. J1 4: 58 (1949); Jacobsen, Handb. Succ. PL 3: 1338 (1960); in Lex. Succ. PL 535 (1974). Syntypes: Schlechter 9045, Nuwe- kloof (K!); Scott Elliot 228, Nuwe Kloof (K!).
Oscularia deltata (Mill.) Schwantes in Mollers dt. Gartn.-Ztg 42: 187 (1927). Type: not stated, but apparently based on Miller’s description of M. deltoides.
The pre-Linnaean citations listed by Glen (1978) are not repeated here, in order to save space.
REFERENCES
BRUMMITT, R. K. 1983. Report of the Committee for Sperma- tophyta 25. Taxon 32: 279-284.
GLEN, H. F. 1978. A taxonomic monograph o/Lampranthus and allied genera. Ph. D. thesis, University of Cape Town. GLEN, H. F. 1980. Proposal (537) to conserve the generic name 2405 Lampranthus N.E. Br. (1930) against Oscularia Schwantes (1927) (Mesembryanthemaceae). Taxon 29: 693-694.
H. F. GLEN
I
56 Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
ORCHIDACEAE
NOTES ON THE DISINAE FOR THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
While checking the account of the Disinae for the Flora of southern Africa , the following problems re- quiring discussion or resolution were found.
1. Disa subgen. Micranthae has not been validly published. In a previous account (Linder 1981: 9) I referred to a ‘subgen. Micranthe’, but did not indicate the type or basionym. Disa Berg, subgen. Micran- thae (Lindl.) Linder, stat. nov., Disa Berg. sect. Mi- cranthae Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. 347 (1838). Lecto- type species: Disa chrysostachya Swartz.
2. Disa subgen. Hircicornu (Kraenzl.) Linder is based on Disa sect. Hircicornes Kraenzl. I changed the ending of the name in 1981 in order to satisfy Recommendation 21 B 1 of the ICBN (1978), which states: ‘The epithet of a subgenus or a section is pref- erably a substantive. . However, article 73.1 states that ‘The original spelling of a name or epithet is to be retained, except for the correction of typo- graphic or orthographic errors’. Hircicornu cannot be regarded as having an ‘incorrect Latin termina- tion’, which can be corrected. Recommendation 21 B 2, stating that new epithets for subdivisions of gen- era should have the same form as already existing names of co-ordinate rank, implies that the epithets are not to be ‘corrected’, so the correct name of the subgenus would be Disa Berg, subgen. Hircicornes (Kraenzl.) Linder.
3. Disa longicornu L.f. is the correct spelling of what all subsequent authors (except Linder 1982), have called ‘Disa longicornis’, according to article 73.1 of the Code.
4. Disa maculomarronina is the name that Mc- Murtry (1984) gave to a population that Linder (1981: 146) described, but did not name, as a hybrid between Disa versicolor and D. hircicornis.
Taxonomically, this is a difficult species. Disa maculomarronina can readily be separated from D. hircicornis by the petals which curve over the anther, and which are ovate and acute, and it can be separ- ated from the South African collections of D. versi- color by its constant colouration and only gradually decurved spur. However, the material of D. versico- lor from Zimbabwe is problematic, as in spur shape and orientation it ranges from D. maculomarronina to D. hircicornis, it is generally robust as in D. versi- color and according to various reports, the coloura- tion is as in D. maculomarronina. The type of D. versicolor, which is also the only collection from An- gola, is the same as the South African D. versicolor in all respects. The resolution of the problem in Zim-
TABLE 4. — Application of early names of Disa patens and
D. filicomis based on the names and types of Linnaeus
the Younger
L.f. (1784) Orchis filicomis Ophrys patens
Thunberg (1794) Limodorum longicome Serapias patens
Swartz (1800) Disa patens Disa tenui folia
Thunberg (1807) Disa filicomis Disa patens
Lindley (1838) Penthea filicomis Penthea patens
babwe will probably have to wait until the popula- tions can be studied in the field.
5. Disa patens I filicomis. The nomenclatural his- tory of these two quite distinct species has been much confused. The problem dates to the early his- tory of the usage of the names (Table 4).
The diagnoses and typification of the names of Linnaeus the Younger, despite his incompetence at the generic level, are clear and sound. Thunberg (1794), in his Prodromus, transferred Ophrys patens L.f. to Serapias, but from his diagnosis (‘Serapias fo- lds lanceolato-setaceis, spica ovata, floribus perpen- dicularibus’) it appears as if he is referring to O. fil- icornis L.f. For Orchis filicomis he published a new, superfluous name, Limodorum longicome, which refers to a Mystacidium.
The confusion started with Olof Swartz’s (1800) treatment of the group (Fig. 16). In his paper, he lists the species with their synonyms indented, and with descriptions provided as footnotes. New names are printed in italics, while everything else is in ro- man type. He clearly followed the circumscription, rather than the typification method of nomencla- ture, and he also recognized the two species. How- ever, following the circumscription method, he placed Serapias patens sensu Thunberg in the same species as Orchis filicomis L.f. (from their descrip- tion they are the same), under the name Disa patens. He is consistent throughout his paper, preferring Thunberg epithets (usually superfluous) to those of Linnaeus the Younger or the Elder. Consequently ‘patens’ is printed in roman type, as Swartz regarded it as a ‘new combination’, not as a new name. How- ever, as Swartz explicitly excluded the type of Sera- pias patens (which is Ophrys patens L.f., which Swartz placed into the other species), by the type method ‘he is considered to have published a new name that must be ascribed solely to him’ (ICBN, 1983, article 48.1), so it should read: Disa patens Swartz. Further support for the notion that Swartz regarded D. patens as a ‘new combination’ is the fact that Swartz nowhere in his paper replaced earlier names with ‘more appropriate’ names, the way that Thunberg did.
For Ophrys patens L.f. Swartz proposed a new name, Disa tenuifolia Swartz. This name can be re- garded as being superfluous, the correct name being Disa patens, which was being blocked simultane- ously by being erroneously applied to Orchis filicor- nis. This appears to have been the interpretation of all authors to date. The other possible interpretation is that it is an avowed substitute (nomen novum), as there is already a Disa patens. This latter interpreta- tion seems better. Swartz, using the circumscription method, and consistently preferring the last epithet applied to a species, would have regarded Serapias patens, and hence Disa patens, as the ‘correct’ name for Orchis filicomis, thus blocking Disa patens (L.f.) Thunb., a later homonym for Disa patens Swartz, which Thunberg established in his Flora Capensis of
Bothalia 16,1 (1986)
57
514 i8oot £ful. Aug . Sept.
D. tmuifolia Sw. patens.
Serapias Th.
Ophrys patens Orchis filicornis
fuppl, fuppL
3. SATYRIUM. (Thunb.) Tab. III. C.
Char, ejfent. Calyx ringens : foliolo fuperiore for- nicato, poftice bicalcarato, ceteris labeltoque baft coalito.
Anthera Jlylo elongato adnata fub Stigmate terminals
Char after naturalis.
Calyx ringens, 5-phyllus:
Foliola omnia bafi coalita. Tria exteriora, qvorum unum fuperius f. pofterius maxi- mum , fornicatum , ball Calcaria duo variae longitudinis poftice exferens; duo anteriora, lanceolato-linearia.
Duo interiora minora ftylo foliolisque ex- terioribus baft accreta.
Cor.
D. tenuifolia: galea acuminata ere£lo-patens concava ecalcarata , labello fililormi; caule fubbifloro, foliis fetaceis.
D. patent: galea acuminata erefto-patens concava ecalcarata; labello filiformi; fpica ovata multi- flora; foliis lineari-lanceolatis.
FIG. 16. — The treatment of Disa tenuifolia and D. patens by Swartz. The synonymy and names are given at the top of the page, new names are printed in italics. The diagnoses are given at the bottom of the page.
1807, a work in which he ignored Swartz’s earlier work. Unfortunately, authors in the 19th and 20th centuries managed to get the names confused. Lind- ley (1838) transferred both Ophrys patens and Or- chis filicornis to Penthia, a treatment followed by
Rolfe (1913). However, Schlechter (1901), Kraenz- lin (1900), Bolus (1911) and Linder (1981, 1982) mis- takenly upheld Disa patens Swartz, a name which is clearly superfluous, and so illegitimate. Linder (1985) interpreted Disa tenuifolia Swartz as super- fluous, and proposed D. lutea Linder as an avowed substitute, a name which would now have